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Fishing Lines Kill Whales

February 2, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Associated Press.
This image from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], shows a North Atlantic right whale in the waters off New England, May 25, 2024.

Recently a long Inside Climate News essay about NOAA’s efforts to get lobster fishermen to switch to ropeless gear — and save a few whales — appeared in the Boston Globe. The approach is sound but costly for lobster fishermen struggling to make a living.

Kiley Price wrote, “It was a blessedly calm day as Scott Landry’s team set out in their inflatable boat to scan the glistening waters of Great South Channel between Rhode Island and Massachusetts for an endangered whale affectionately known as Wart. They were on a mission to save her life.

“The group, from the nonprofit Center for Coastal Studies located in nearby Provincetown, had spent the better part of three years monitoring Wart after an aerial team spotted the North Atlantic right whale with a large piece of rope lodged in her mouth.

“Instead of coming loose on its own, the fishing rope slowly tangled itself deeper into Wart’s baleens, hindering her ability to eat and reproduce. Finally, Landry’s team decided to take a more hands-on approach — a dangerous but necessary last resort. …

“His team had to rig up a tool that could slice the rope at a distance — essentially a crossbow with an arrow like a throwing star. Eventually, Wart came up for air close enough to Landry’s dinghy for him to get a single clean shot. He took a breath and fired. The whale immediately dove underwater again, leaving the team in suspense. A few minutes later, she popped back up, revealing the knife had cut right through the chunky rope. …

“Wart’s case is a rare bright spot in the pervasive problem of rope entanglements, one of the leading causes of death for whales. …

“The situation is particularly dire for North Atlantic right whales like Wart, with only around 350 left in the wild. Found along the East Coast of North America, the whales’ migratory paths overlap with highly productive lobster fishing areas in Maine and Massachusetts, where scientists say the whales struggle to dodge copious amounts of gear and traps. …

“Scientists and conservationists are scrambling to find a strategy to reduce entanglement risk without threatening the lobster industry, which is facing its own struggles with climate change. In recent years, a seemingly simple approach has taken center stage: getting rid of the rope.

“The traditional lobster traps that sit on the seafloor are connected to the surface by a line of rope attached to a floating buoy. But the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is working with manufacturers and partners to help develop different high-tech traps that they can sink to the seafloor without the rope tethered to the surface — in hopes of giving whales an unobstructed path through fishery waters. Then lobstermen can use a device to call these wireless traps back up to the surface with their catch.

“Officials say this ‘ropeless’ on-demand gear could help people continue to work during seasonal fishing closures. Enacted by the federal government in New England over the past decade, these restrictions limit lobster harvesting at different times of the year during the whales’ migration season. As whale populations struggle to bounce back, more potential closures loom. …

“The problem? Many lobstermen don’t want it.

“Rob Martin’s lobster boat carved through the gray waters off Cape Cod’s Sandwich Marina this May, temporarily transformed into a gear testing laboratory. NOAA scientists and tech experts had squeezed in alongside Martin, a Massachusetts lobsterman, and his crewmate, former lobsterman Marc Palombo.

“Martin brought the boat to a halt once they were far enough out in the bay, and the team dropped on-demand traps into the water, which quickly sank to the seafloor. Several minutes later, Martin activated the gear using a device onboard. … A few yards away, a bright yellow buoy that had been underwater a moment before now bobbed in the water. Martin and Palombo fished the float out of the water, revealing a cage with a string of lobster traps attached to it. …

“This year, fishers from 19 vessels participated in restricted area trials using on-demand equipment borrowed from a NOAA-run ‘gear library’ located in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Under a special permit, the participants are allowed to keep and sell their catches throughout the winter and spring months. …

“The end goal for these ropeless gear efforts is to give lobstermen an option to get back out on the water during seasonal fishing closures or restrictions. That includes one in place since 2015 across a stretch of Cape Cod Bay every February to April. The federal government is likely to establish new large closures in just a few years to prevent right whales from going extinct. …

“In 2022, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries published a report to assess the feasibility of ropeless gear throughout the state, produced by the ocean policy consulting company Homarus Strategies. To assess potential economic impacts, Homarus combined the estimated costs of switching to ropeless gear with the potential loss of revenue from the additional time it takes to operate the gear compared to traditional traps — and the findings were stark. If the government mandates a fisheries-wide shift to ropeless gear, the state could lose around $24 million in revenue per year, according to the report.

“There’s a big caveat to that conclusion: The government has no plans to require this type of shift, said Colleen Coogan, branch chief for the Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Team at NOAA Fisheries Greater Atlantic Region’s Protected Resources Division.

“ ‘We’ll never require fishermen to use ropeless gear, but that means that if they don’t use it, there will be areas that will be closed for fishing,’ she told Inside Climate News. ‘It’s more that the closure is what helps the whales; the ropeless [gear] is what helps the fishermen.’ …

“ ‘Personally, I don’t think there’s anything that they’re going to be able to do to make it viable … to deal with the financial burden,’ said Cape Cod lobsterman Jeff Souza, whose house is the collateral for a loan he took out a few years ago to build a new boat. … ‘I just want to keep being able to fish and not go broke.’ …

“In the fight to pull right whales back from the brink of extinction, there is a bright spot. Last year, NOAA released the annual population estimate for the species using the most up-to-date data, and found that the rate of their decline is slowing down, likely due to the regulations protecting them. Research suggests that ropeless gear could further help. …

“Landry thinks whales can deal with ‘some level of challenge that we throw at them, but, you know, it’s pile upon pile. There’s the changing of the prey, there’s the rope, there’s the boats. You’re asking a lot of a population of 350 animals.’ ”

More at Inside Climate News via the Globe, here.

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An App for Disrupted Education

February 1, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Nathaniel Bivan.
Muhammad Auwal Ahmad wears a cap and shirt with the Flowdiary logo during a meetup in KanoNigeria with some of his educational app’s tutors and students.

Whenever I used to read about Boko Haram terrorists in Nigeria, all I could think was how horrifying and hopeless the situation seemed. But it’s amazing how the human spirit can work around almost any hopeless situation.

Today’s story is about the young man who invented an app to help displaced Nigerian youth learn skills — despite terrorists and a disrupted education.

Nathaniel Bivan reports at the Christian Science Monitor, “Seventeen-year-old Ahmad Aminu finished secondary school and would like to go to college near his village in Zamfara state. But this region of northwestern Nigeria bears the brunt of attacks by bandits who kidnap students for ransom. …

“The 17-year-old Mr. Aminu [has] been able to take – for free, or at very little cost – courses in various digital skills in Hausa. He is becoming a well-known graphic designer within the community surrounding Dalba.

“ ‘The payment depends,’ says Mr. Aminu, the excitement clear in his voice. Designing an invitation card, for example, earns him about 2,000 Nigerian nairas, about $1.25; doing video editing, up to 3,000 nairas.

“ ‘In a month, I make as much as 30,000 naira,’ he says. ‘I really thank God.’ …

“Mr. Aminu is the sort of student whom Muhammad Auwal Ahmad had in mind when he created Flowdiary two years ago as a 23-year-old attending Federal University Gashua in northeastern Yobe state. He says Flowdiary now has more than 8,000 students enrolled from far-flung, impoverished areas across northern Nigeria; on average, almost one-fifth of those are active weekly users. The platform’s name refers to opportunities flowing to young people who might not normally have them.

“ ‘We have students from regions affected by terrorism and banditry … that we train and mentor,’ Mr. Ahmad says, noting that students who speak only Hausa struggle to find online courses in digital skills in their language.

“Mr. Ahmad’s dream began in Bayamari, a village in Yobe state that has only two small schools, a health center, and a police outpost. As a curious tween growing up there, Mr. Ahmad started researching digital technology when his father brought home a mobile phone and, later, a computer. Gradually, Mr. Ahmad started troubleshooting and soon had ambitious digital goals. …

“After unsuccessful attempts at building a couple of online businesses as an undergraduate computer science student, Mr. Ahmad set up Flowdiary in March 2022. It started as a team of tutors, who included some of his friends, teaching digital skills on Telegram to other young people across northern Nigeria at low cost.

“By that November, students could access the Flowdiary website. In February 2023, the app’s release became official. Paying as little as 1,200 nairas per course, students could register to learn web development, graphic design, and other digital skills. Tutors net half of the proceeds from course fees, and the rest goes toward operational costs such as maintaining the app and helping link Flowdiary students with career opportunities, Mr. Ahmad explains.

“Registered as a business, not as a nonprofit, Flowdiary has struggled to find other funding. … But Mr. Ahmad says he is set to obtain some much-needed funding after winning the 2024 Yobe State Research and Innovation Challenge, a prestigious regional competition organized by the Biomedical Science Research and Training Center of Yobe State University, in partnership with Yobe’s state government. …

“In 2011, Al’amin Dalha Suleiman and his seven family members abandoned their home in Maiduguri, the capital of northeastern Borno state, because of the Boko Haram insurgency there. They fled to Kano, more than 500 kilometers (about 310 miles) away, mourning the deaths of neighbors and friends as well as the loss of the family’s hat shop. But discrimination in Kano against outsiders forced them to return three years later to Maiduguri, where Mr. Suleiman struggled to revive the family business. …

“Through a friend on Facebook, Mr. Suleiman heard last year about Flowdiary. He enrolled in several courses, including video editing, web development, and graphic design. There was a major challenge, though – the need for wireless data and a laptop. For months, Mr. Suleiman struggled to finish the courses over his phone, but the payoff – the skills he has acquired – has been worth it. …

“Mr. Ahmad currently teaches computer science in northwestern Kebbi state as part of his National Youth Service Corps requirement. His vision after the one-year program is to expand the Flowdiary platform to reach more young people and – crucially – to help them grow their skills into careers.

“The end of online training for each student does not necessarily mean goodbye at Flowdiary. The Flowdiary team recently set up a mentoring and internship program; any student who takes a course can apply to work with companies that Flowdiary has forged a relationship with. As of late September, 20 students had secured internships – including two with Abdul Gusau, the owner of Abdoul Shoe Ventures in Zamfara.

“ ‘It is impressive to see how effective Flowdiary is through the work the interns are putting in my store,’ Mr. Gusau says. “ ‘The graphic designer has not yet entered the intermediate class, and yet his work is excellent. The same goes for the social media manager, who runs effective ads.’ “

More at the Monitor, here. No paywall. Subscriptions solicited.

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How Animals Self-Medicate

January 31, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo:  British Library, Harley MS 4751 (Harley Bestiary).
As a hunter lands several arrows in his quarry, a wounded doe nibbles dittany to heal herself.

I think we don’t give enough credit to ancient wisdom. Researchers of former times may have been ignorant of cars and computers and smart phones, but why do we think they were unintelligent? (I’m a little cranky because I recently attended a talk on reflexology that barely mentioned traditional Chinese medicine.)

Today we learn that art works from centuries ago suggest humans were observing animals self-medicating long before contemporary scientists started publishing papers on the practice.

Adrienne Mayor, a classics, history and philosophy of science scholar at Stanford University, writes in the Conversation, “When a wild orangutan in Sumatra recently suffered a facial wound, apparently after fighting with another male, he did something that caught the attention of the scientists observing him.

“The animal chewed the leaves of a liana vine – a plant not normally eaten by apes. Over several days, the orangutan carefully applied the juice to its wound, then covered it with a paste of chewed-up liana. The wound healed with only a faint scar. The tropical plant he selected has antibacterial and antioxidant properties and is known to alleviate pain, fever, bleeding and inflammation. …

“In interviews and in their research paper, the scientists stated that this is ‘the first systematically documented case of active wound treatment by a wild animal’ with a biologically active plant. …

“To me, the behavior of the orangutan sounded familiar. As a historian of ancient science who investigates what Greeks and Romans knew about plants and animals, I was reminded of similar cases reported by Aristotle, Pliny the Elder, Aelian and other naturalists from antiquity. A remarkable body of accounts from ancient to medieval times describes self-medication by many different animals. The animals used plants to treat illness, repel parasites, neutralize poisons and heal wounds.

“The term zoopharmacognosy – ‘animal medicine knowledge’ – was invented in 1987. But as the Roman natural historian Pliny pointed out 2,000 years ago, many animals have made medical discoveries useful for humans.

Indeed, a large number of medicinal plants used in modern drugs were first discovered by Indigenous peoples and past cultures who observed animals employing plants and emulated them.

“Some of the earliest written examples of animal self-medication appear in Aristotle’s ‘History of Animals‘ from the fourth century BCE, such as the well-known habit of dogs to eat grass when ill, probably for purging and deworming.

“Aristotle also noted that after hibernation, bears seek wild garlic as their first food. It is rich in vitamin C, iron and magnesium, healthful nutrients after a long winter’s nap. The Latin name reflects this folk belief: Allium ursinum translates to ‘bear lily,’ and the common name in many other languages refers to bears.

“Pliny explained how the use of dittany, also known as wild oregano, to treat arrow wounds arose from watching wounded stags grazing on the herb. Aristotle and Dioscorides credited wild goats with the discovery. Vergil, Cicero, Plutarch, Solinus, Celsus and Galen claimed that dittany has the ability to expel an arrowhead and close the wound. Among dittany’s many known phytochemical properties are antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and coagulating effects.

“According to Pliny, deer also knew an antidote for toxic plants: wild artichokes. The leaves relieve nausea and stomach cramps and protect the liver. To cure themselves of spider bites, Pliny wrote, deer ate crabs washed up on the beach, and sick goats did the same. Notably, crab shells contain chitosan, which boosts the immune system.

“When elephants accidentally swallowed chameleons hidden on green foliage, they ate olive leaves, a natural antibiotic to combat salmonella harbored by lizards. Pliny said ravens eat chameleons, but then ingest bay leaves to counter the lizards’ toxicity. Antibacterial bay leaves relieve diarrhea and gastrointestinal distress. Pliny noted that blackbirds, partridges, jays and pigeons also eat bay leaves for digestive problems.

“Weasels were said to roll in the evergreen plant rue to counter wounds and snakebites. Fresh rue is toxic. Its medical value is unclear, but the dried plant is included in many traditional folk medicines. Swallows collect another toxic plant, celandine, to make a poultice for their chicks’ eyes. Snakes emerging from hibernation rub their eyes on fennel. Fennel bulbs contain compounds that promote tissue repair and immunity.

“According to the naturalist Aelian, who lived in the third century BCE, the Egyptians traced much of their medical knowledge to the wisdom of animals. Aelian described elephants treating spear wounds with olive flowers and oil. He also mentioned storks, partridges and turtledoves crushing oregano leaves and applying the paste to wounds.”

Need more proof that modern science sometimes just reinvents the wheel? Read the Conversation, here. No paywall. Fun artworks.

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UK Shed Culture vs Loneliness

January 30, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Jamie Fullerton/The World.
A snowman figurine made by the woodworkers at the Witney Shed, part of the UK Men’s Sheds Association.

In my retirement community, there are two or three times more women than men — and more activities geared to women. It’s not surprising that some male residents become a prey to loneliness. Loneliness can plague older men anywhere, not just men in retirement communities.

That’s why some countries have taken the concept of the backyard work shed where men hang out alone and put it in more of a group setting.

Jamie Fullerton writes at the radio show The World, “In the United Kingdom, there is a gently mocking stereotype about older men and sheds — the wooden outhouses usually found at the end of a garden.  The cliche image is of an elderly man tinkering with tools for hours, alone and avoiding the outside world.

“Things are more social in The Witney Shed, in the town of Witney in Oxfordshire, southern England. 

“ ‘I just like coming here; it’s the camaraderie with everybody,’ said Tony Halcrow, a regular visitor to the Witney Shed, as he worked on a lathe, making wooden Christmas decorations. ‘And it gets me out of the house.’

“In the large shed, situated behind a church-run community center, there’s space for about 10 shedders, as they are known, plus a few more working in the garden outside. They’re making bird boxes and other wooden objects, occasionally pausing for coffee and light banter.

“The Witney Shed is one of around 1,100 community sheds in the UK, affiliated with the UK Men’s Sheds Association. The charity originated in Australia, and was set up in the UK around a decade ago, primarily to help older men tackle loneliness.

“Some British community sheds charge small fees, but people can turn up to the Witney Shed for free, then join in with woodwork or just have a coffee. Most people who visit are seniors, but people of all ages are welcome. ‘Anybody can come, even ladies,’ said Phil Tarry, co-founder of the Witney Shed. …

“The shedders make wooden items like bird boxes, bat boxes and Christmas decorations, and sell them locally at cheap prices, to help fund the shed. They also help out local residents, schools and the church where the shed is based. ‘On a Monday morning, the first thing is a toddler group in here, and they’re our best customers, for repairing toys’ [says Tarry].

“Over a third of shed leaders said they believed that their community shed may have helped prevent a suicide. Tarry said he certainly thinks so.

“ ‘Loneliness is a very big part of it,’ he said, ‘because there are a lot of lonely people out here. I live in sheltered housing, and I know what it’s like. Some people don’t see anybody from one week to another, and it is important to get those people to come out.’ …

“Local doctors have told some of their mental health patients about the shed. A couple of men with dementia also visit.

“ ‘You’ve got to be very patient because, with people with dementia, they’ll come and say, “What can we do today?” and you say, “Oh, can you sand this?” They’ll go off, then come back and say, “What are you doing today?” You’ve got to be patient and say, “Yeah, it’s OK. Sand this,” ‘ Tarry said.

“Rachel Meadows, who works as the volunteer and community development manager for the UK Men’s Sheds Association, said … ‘We hear a lot that people find it easier to talk to each other when they’re engaged in an activity. … It’s easier to talk shoulder-to-shoulder, rather than face-to-face,’ she said. ‘Somebody’s not looking you in the eye and asking you to talk about your feelings, but there’s usually somebody at the shed who’s maybe been through something similar, or can relate to how you’re feeling.’ …

“Nearby, an older man sat alone on a bench. Tarry asked him if he was OK. The man said he was fine, but a bit confused. But later, he suddenly stood up and started helping another man, glueing together a bird box. …

“Tarry said that his main problem is that the Witney Shed is so popular, they’ve decided their next woodwork project needs to be a shed extension.”

More at The World, here. No firewall. Charming photos.

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AI De-Ages Tom Hanks

January 29, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Everett Collection.
A de-aged version of actors Tom Hanks and Robin Wright, created by artificial intelligence for the 2024 film Here.

We are well into the age of AI, and I certainly hope that doesn’t mean we’re going to realize the dire warnings of one of its pioneers but just use it in relatively harmless ways.

Today’s story is about using AI to “de-age” actors in a movie covering 60 years.

Benj Edwards writes at Wired, “Here, a $50 million Robert Zemeckis–directed film [used] real-time generative AI face transformation techniques to portray actors Tom Hanks and Robin Wright across a 60-year span, marking one of Hollywood’s first full-length features built around AI-powered visual effects.

“The film adapts a 2014 graphic novel set primarily in a New Jersey living room across multiple time periods. Rather than cast different actors for various ages, the production used AI to modify Hanks’s and Wright’s appearances throughout.

“The de-aging technology comes from Metaphysic, a visual effects company that creates real time face swapping and aging effects. During filming, the crew watched two monitors simultaneously: one showing the actors’ actual appearances and another displaying them at whatever age the scene required.

“Metaphysic developed the facial modification system by training custom machine-learning models on frames of Hanks’ and Wright’s previous films. This included a large dataset of facial movements, skin textures, and appearances under varied lighting conditions and camera angles. …

“Unlike previous aging effects that relied on frame-by-frame manipulation, Metaphysic’s approach generates transformations instantly by analyzing facial landmarks and mapping them to trained age variations. … Traditional visual effects for this level of face modification would reportedly require hundreds of artists and a substantially larger budget closer to standard Marvel movie costs.

“This isn’t the first film that has used AI techniques to de-age actors. ILM’s approach to de-aging Harrison Ford in 2023’s Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny used a proprietary system called Flux with infrared cameras to capture facial data during filming, then old images of Ford to de-age him in postproduction. By contrast, Metaphysic’s AI models process transformations without additional hardware and show results during filming. …

“Meanwhile, as we saw with the SAG-AFTRA union strike [in 2023], Hollywood studios and unions continue to hotly debate AI’s role in filmmaking. While the Screen Actors Guild and Writers Guild secured some AI limitations in recent contracts, many industry veterans see the technology as inevitable. …

“Even so, the New York Times says that Metaphysic’s technology has already found use in two other 2024 releases. Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga employed it to re-create deceased actor Richard Carter’s character, while Alien: Romulus brought back Ian Holm’s android character from the 1979 original. Both implementations required estate approval under new California legislation governing AI recreations of performers, often called deepfakes. …

“Robert Downey Jr. recently said in an interview that he would instruct his estate to sue anyone attempting to digitally bring him back from the dead for another film appearance. But even with controversies, Hollywood still seems to find a way to make death-defying (and age-defying) visual feats take place onscreen — especially if there is enough money involved.”

What could go wrong?

The first thing I think of is fewer job opportunities for actors who play younger versions of stars. Still, I’d love to see an AI child version of the actress who plays Astrid in the French crime show of the same name, because I think it would look more natural than the mimicking girl they’ve got. (Awesome tv, by the way. Check it out on PBS Passport.)

More at Wired, here. This story originally appeared on Ars Technica.

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New Approach to Art Thefts

January 28, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Sanjaya Dhakal/BBC Nepali.
In Nepal, some communities have put their recovered idols in iron cages for security.

Who does art belong to? For centuries, looters have justified their thefts by asserting that they aim to protect the stolen art for posterity. That no longer holds up, and now art is getting returned to the plundered countries.

And if you play nice and return Nepali idols, you may be given an accurate replica.

Sanjaya Dhakal writes at The Guardian, “Along a small street in Nepal’s Bhaktapur city stands an unassuming building with a strange name — the Museum of Stolen Art. Inside it are rooms filled with statues of Nepal’s sacred gods and goddesses.

“Among them is the Saraswati sculpture. Sitting atop a lotus, the Hindu goddess of wisdom holds a book, prayer beads and a classical instrument called a veena in her four hands.

“But like all the other sculptures in the room, the statue is a fake. The Saraswati is one of 45 replicas in the museum, which will have an official site in Panauti, set to open to the public in 2026.

“The museum is the brainchild of Nepalese conservationist Rabindra Puri, who is spearheading a mission to secure the return of dozens of Nepal’s stolen artifacts, many of which are scattered across museums, auction houses or private collections in countries like the US, UK and France.

“In the past five years, he has hired half a dozen craftsmen to create replicas of these statues, each taking between three months and a year to finish. The museum has not received any government funding. His mission is to secure the return of these stolen artifacts – in exchange for the replicas he has created.

“In Nepal, such statues reside in temples all across the country and are regarded as part of the country’s ‘living culture,’ rather than mere showpieces, says Sanjay Adhikari, the secretary of the Nepal Heritage Recovery Campaign. Many are worshipped by locals every day, with some followers offering food and flowers to the gods. …

“It is also common for followers to touch these statues for blessings — meaning they are also rarely guarded — leaving them wide open for thieves.

“Nepal has categorized more than 400 artifacts missing from temples and monasteries across the country, but the number is highly likely to be an underestimate, says Saubhagya Pradhananga, who heads the official Department of Archaeology.

“From the 1960s to the 1980s, hundreds of artifacts were looted from Nepal as the isolated country was opening up to the outside world. Many of the country’s most powerful administrators back then were believed to have been behind some of these thefts — responsible for smuggling them abroad to art collectors and pocketing the proceeds.

“For decades, Nepalis were largely unaware about their missing art and where it had gone, but that has been changing, especially since the founding of the National Heritage Recovery Campaign in 2021 – a movement led by citizen activists to reclaim lost treasures. …

“There are many hurdles. The Taleju Necklace, dating back to the 17th century, is a case in point. …

“It’s still unclear how it might have been stolen and many in Nepal had no idea where it might have gone until three years ago, when it was seen in an unlikely place – the Art Institute of Chicago.

“It was spotted by Dr Sweta Gyanu Baniya, a Nepali academic based in the US who said she fell to her knees and started to cry when she saw the necklace.

“According to the Art Institute of Chicago, the necklace is a gift from the Alsdorf Foundation — a private US foundation. The museum told the BBC it has communicated with the Nepali government and is awaiting additional information.

“It’s not just a necklace, it’s a part of our goddess who we worship. I felt like it shouldn’t be here. It’s sacred,” she told the US university Virginia Tech. …

“But [Saubhagya Pradhananga, who heads the official Department of Archaeology] said Nepal’s Department of Archaeology had provided enough evidence, including archival records. On top of that, an inscription on the necklace says it was specifically made for the Goddess of Taleju by King Pratap Malla.

“It’s these ‘tactics of delay’ that often ‘wear down campaigners,’ says one activist, Kanak Mani Dixit. ‘They like to use the word “provenance” whereby they ask for evidence from us. The onus is put on us to prove that it belongs to Nepal, rather than on themselves on how they got hold of them.’ …

“Many worshippers are now a lot more paranoid — putting these idols in iron cages to protect them from going missing.

“Mr Puri however hopes his museum will eventually have its shelves wiped bare.”

More at the BBC, here. No paywall.

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Boot Up and Find a Lost City

January 27, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: BBC.
A PhD student found a lost city by accident in eastern Mexico, in Campeche.

Talk about happy accidents! I’m sure we have all experienced a few, whether in cooking or driving around. And we often hear of happy accidents in science. Today, we learn about an alert PHD student who found an ancient civilization without precisely looking for one.

Georgina Rannard writes at the BBC, ” ‘I was on something like page 16 of Google search and found a laser survey done by a Mexican organization for environmental monitoring,’ explains Luke Auld-Thomas, a PhD student at Tulane university in the US.

“It was a Lidar survey, a remote sensing technique which fires thousands of laser pulses from a plane and maps objects below using the time the signal takes to return.

“But when Mr Auld-Thomas processed the data with methods used by archaeologists, he saw what others had missed — a huge ancient city which may have been home to 30,000-50,000 people at its peak from 750 to 850 AD. … Mr Auld-Thomas and his colleagues named the city Valeriana after a nearby lagoon.

“The find helps change an idea in Western thinking that the Tropics was where ‘civilizations went to die,’ says Professor Marcello Canuto, a co-author in the research. Instead, this part of the world was home to rich and complex cultures, he explains. …

“It is ‘hidden in plain sight,’ the archaeologists say, as it is just 15 minutes hike from a major road near Xpujil, where mostly Maya people now live.

“There are no known pictures of the lost city because ‘no one has ever been there,’ the researchers say, although local people may have suspected there were ruins under the mounds of earth.

“The city [had] two major centers with large buildings around 2km (1.2 miles) apart, linked by dense houses and causeways. It has two plazas with temple pyramids, where Maya people would have worshipped, hidden treasures like jade masks and buried their dead. It also had a court where people would have played an ancient ball game. There was also evidence of a reservoir, indicating that people used the landscape to support a large population. …

“Professor Elizabeth Graham from University College London, who was not involved in the research, says it supports claims that Maya lived in complex cities or towns, not in isolated villages. …

“The research suggests that when Maya civilizations collapsed from 800 AD onwards, it was partly because they were so densely populated and could not survive climate problems.

” ‘It’s suggesting that the landscape was just completely full of people at the onset of drought conditions and it didn’t have a lot of flexibility left. And so maybe the entire system basically unravelled as people moved farther away,’ says Mr Auld-Thomas.

“Warfare and the conquest of the region by Spanish invaders in the 16th century also contributed to eradication of Maya city states.

“Lidar technology has revolutionized how archaeologists survey areas covered in vegetation, like the Tropics, opening up a world of lost civilizations, explains Prof Canuto. …

” ‘I’ve got to go to Valeriana at some point. It’s so close to the road, how could you not? But I can’t say we will do a project there,’ says Mr Auld-Thomas. ‘One of the downsides of discovering lots of new Maya cities in the era of Lidar is that there are more of them than we can ever hope to study,’ he adds.

“The research is published in the academic journal Antiquity.“

More at the BBC, here. Seems to me the discovery was hardly an accident. Anyone with the patience to look at page 16 of a Google search deserves a bit more credit.

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California Faiths Rise to the Challenge

January 26, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Francine Kiefer/The Christian Science Monitor.
Meetan Kaur, of United Sikhs, stands with hot meals of basmati rice and chickpea curry for fire evacuees at the Pasadena Church East Campus donation center, Jan. 17, 2025.

Despite the loss of many houses of worship in the recent Southern California fires, faith communities are rising up to help others. And helping others others is helping the volunteers themselves begin to feel hopeful. (Scientologists? Why not? We are all human beings in a disaster.)

Francine Kiefer and Sophie Hills write at the Christian Science Monitor, “Cars pull into the Pasadena Church parking lot, waved forward by a couple of Scientologists. Christian volunteers hand out groceries and diapers. Orange, yellow, and black turbans dot the crowded lot, as Sikh volunteers dish out hot chickpea curry and basmati rice and cups of steaming chai.

“The line of cars stretches around the lot. Volunteers pass meals through car windows and load back seats with pet food, toiletries, and paper goods. Some Sikhs traveled from as far as New York and Canada to cook and serve meals to people displaced by the wildfires. The chai, especially, gets five-star reviews from volunteers and evacuees alike.

“ ‘That’s what we’re really hoping to do here – it’s really offering solace, offering comfort, in this absolutely crazy time,’ says Meetan Kaur, an organizer with United Sikhs, an international aid organization.

“The Eaton Fire destroyed thousands of homes, schools, restaurants, and businesses. Houses of worship burned, too. But their congregations are still here, gathering to pray in borrowed spaces and distributing food and clothing. …

“Organized religion provides space for worship and spiritual study, but it can be especially helpful when disasters strike because there’s already ‘a built-in system of caring,’ says Cynthia Eriksson, a dean at Fuller Theological Seminary, who specializes in the intersection of faith and mental health. …

“At the Pasadena Church, Chanel Jackson is loading up SUV after SUV with free groceries. She attends the Faithful Central Bible Church in Inglewood, clear across Los Angeles. But she’s driven to this donation and distribution center by both her faith and her roots.

“Ms. Jackson grew up in Altadena, so like several other volunteers, she says this is personal. Two of her schools burned. She knows some of the people in line. Sporting a ‘Dena’ T-shirt – that’s what folks call the Altadena-Pasadena area – she talks about the imperative from Scriptures to help the poor.

“ ‘A lot of people – their faith is shaken,’ she says. ‘They’re questioning God – “Why me?” – which I completely understand and empathize with. But God is in the people; God is in the angels. God is in the people that are here at this relief center, trying to help families in need.’ …

“The tragedies and hardship calls on a core aspect of faith: community. ‘It’s about the connection to something bigger than ourselves,’ says Rabbi Joshua Levine Grater, the director of Friends in Deed, a local interfaith nonprofit. His family lost its house in the Eaton Fire, as well as its synagogue, where he was once head rabbi and is now a congregant. …

“But leaders rescued 13 Torah scrolls before the building burned. When the fire died, one wall remained, etched with a mural that members didn’t know was hiding behind drywall. It depicts people and animals in the desert, beneath a single palm tree. …

“Founded 130 years ago, Friends in Deed focuses on the most needy people, operating a food pantry and providing housing assistance and case management. Since the fires, the requests for help have only increased. But so have the donations and volunteers.

“Despite the uncertainty his family and so many others face, there’s only one choice, says Rabbi Grater. ‘We have to find the courage to rebuild a step at a time.’ … The teachings and stories of the Torah are there as ‘reminders that there’s still an immense amount of love in the world.’

“In Altadena, at least five different places of worship succumbed to the wildfire. … First Church of Christ, Scientist, Altadena, whose edifice was spared, says it plans to share its space with nearby congregations once it’s safe to return. …

“For some, that generosity is central to their faith. A gurdwara is not just a place of worship, but also a place to coordinate and supply aid, says Gurvinder Singh, international humanitarian aid director for United Sikhs.

“Seva, which translates to ‘selfless service,’ is a call to action, says Mr. Singh. That goes hand-in-hand with the tradition of langar, a community meal.

“ ‘It’s really the basis of humanity,’ says Ms. Kaur at the Pasadena Church. ‘It’s bonding through food.’ ”

More at the Monitor, here. Also, see how LA libraries are helping, here. No paywall.

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Kids Stop Food Waste in Its Tracks

January 25, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Rhode Island School Recycling Club via ecoRI News.
The nonprofit’s mission is to help reduce school food waste.

My Rhode Island grandson has inhaled environmental lessons at home and in school to the point that he requests only such clothes as are made of recycled material and eschews beef. He’s in charge of composting the family’s fruits and vegetables, at least when the bin isn’t frozen solid.

Today I’m sharing news on a composting story involving both public and private Rhode Island schools.

Veteran environmental reporter Frank Carini writes at ecoRI News, “Rhode Island’s 450 or so public and private schools generate a lot of food waste, nearly 28,000 pounds every school day, according to more than a dozen food-waste audits conducted by a local nonprofit.

“Among the food wasted daily is some 4,000 pounds of milk, fruit, granola bars, yogurt, baby carrots, and other sustenance that is unopened and perfectly edible.

Here are some other findings from the Rhode Island School Recycling Project’s 15 lunch audits:

  • “About 5 million pounds, some 2,500 tons, of school food scrap is sent to the Central landfill in Johnston every year. Of that, some 750,000 pounds is edible.
  • “Each high school student generates an average of 0.23 pounds of food waste daily, and 41 pounds every school year.
  • “Each middle school student generates an average of 0.39 pounds of food waste daily, and 70 pounds every school year.
  • “Each elementary school student generates an average of 0.48 pounds of food waste daily, and 86 pounds every school year.

“The Rhode Island School Recycling Project was co-founded in 2001 by James Corwin, in partnership with the Rhode Island Resource Recovery Corporation (RIRRC) and the state Department of Environmental Management, to improve school recycling.

At that time, the number of schools recycling properly was 18%, which was among the lowest in New England. Today, it is close to 70%.

“The nonprofit quickly incorporated diverting cafeteria food from the state’s waste stream into its work. That’s where much of the Project’s focus is now centered. … The nonprofit’s mission is to reduce, recover, and recycle to help protect the environment and develop the next generation of environmentalists through project-based learning, according to Corwin.

“Currently, there are 21 schools participating in the Project’s waste-reduction efforts. Since its inception, the program has diverted nearly 150 tons of food and food scrap from the Central Landfill, according to Corwin.

“The cost per school is about $5,000 annually. The Project pays for the first year, and buys participating schools a refrigerator to store recovered food. Students can take food from the refrigerator when they are hungry.

“ ‘So we’re saying to custodians, listen, when you see that that dumpster is only half full let’s talk to the facilities director about reducing the amount of pickups to, you know, instead of one a day, one every other day, so that you can offset the cost of the organics hauling,’ Corwin said. …

“The Project’s program starts with an educational presentation by RIRRC, which operates the Central Landfill, about the many problems associated with food waste. Corwin and Warren Heyman, the nonprofit’s organizing director, then visit the participating school to discuss what the students learned during the RIRRC presentation and start training them, and staff, on a new waste-sorting system.

“Participating students — in groups called Green Teams in middle school and Cafeteria Rangers in elementary school — go to lunch early so they can spend the last 8 minutes of the period managing the station and making sure everything is sorted correctly. There’s usually four to five students working a sorting station. …

“Each station features a ‘share table’ that repurposes uneaten food. On the table is a cooler where students place leftover perishable items such as milk and yogurt. There’s a basket for leftover fruit. These provisions are then moved to the refrigerator.

“A 5-gallon bucket is where students pour out leftover milk. There’s a compost bin for food scrap and a recycling bin for milk cartons and plastic bottles. A landfill bin holds the trash that can’t be eaten, composted, or recycled. The compostable material is picked up weekly by one of two local composting outfits — Black Earth Compost or Bootstrap Compost. …

“Heyman noted that after Richmond Elementary School implemented the Project’s waste-reduction system, cafeteria trashed was reduced from eight bags a day to one. He also noted that the state Department of Education has been a supportive advocate of the Project’s work.

“Nearly 1 in 3 Rhode Island households can’t afford adequate food, according to the Rhode Island Community Food Bank. … About 40% of U.S. food is wasted, either buried or incinerated. In schools, the amount of wasted food increases. A 2019 study of school cafeteria waste found that 27% to 53% of the food served was thrown away. Another study has estimated that U.S. schools waste some 530,000 tons of food annually — about 39 pounds of food and 29 cartons of milk per student per year — costing $1.7 billion nationally.”

More at ecoRI News, here.

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A Ghost Fish Returns

January 24, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Wonders of the Mekong.
Recent sightings of the “Mekong ghost” fish in Cambodia offer hope for a creature once presumed extinct.

Today’s report on the reappearance of a giant fish in the Mekong River near Cambodia is a little piece of good news in an era when governments are shrugging off saving the planet and leaving it all to those of us who care.

I first saw the good news at Yale Environment 360: “Recent sightings of the ‘Mekong ghost’ fish in Cambodia offer hope for a creature once presumed extinct. The giant salmon carp, so named because it resembles a large salmon, had not been documented by science since 2005. But scientists have now confirmed that three fish caught between 2020 and 2023 in the Mekong and Sesan rivers are members of this elusive species.

“Giant salmon carp can measure up to 4 feet long and weigh more than 60 pounds, making them a type of ‘megafish.’ The carp are in good company in the Mekong basin, which is home to some of the largest freshwater fish on the planet, including the giant catfish and giant freshwater stingray. Such creatures have been victims of excessive fishing, pollution, and the construction of massive dams.

“In the new study, published in Biological Conservation, scientists call for scanning river waters for giant salmon carp DNA and for working with local fishers to track its potential whereabouts — first steps, they say, toward protecting the imperiled species.” More at Yale e360, here.

At the Mekong Fish Network website, I found additional detail: “Dr. Zeb Hogan, who leads USAID’s ‘Wonders of the Mekong’ project, says, ‘Giant fish are flagship species that symbolize the ecological integrity of the Mekong River. The disappearance of these animals is a warning that we need to take urgent action to improve the ecosystem health of this remarkable river.’

“Several Mekong megafish species are now endangered and both the number and size of fish caught have declined. The biggest include the Mekong freshwater stingray (Urogymnus polylepis), which can have a wingspan of up to 4.3 m [14 feet], Pangasianodon gigas (Trey Reach), Catlocarpio siamensis (Trey Kolriang), and Pangasius sanitwongsei (Trey Popruy), which can grow up to about 3 meters [10 feet] in length … and Aaptosyax grypus (Trey Pasanak), Probarbus jullieni (Trey Trasak) and Wallago attu (Trey stourk), which can grow up to 20 kilograms [44 pounds]. All of these are listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered, and current and future threats may put these species at risk of population extirpation or extinction.

“Based on a recent study by Wonders of the Mekong on traditional ecological knowledge about large and endangered fish, megafishes in the northern Cambodian Mekong Basin in Kratie and Stung Treng are very rare, decreasing in population abundance, at high risk of extinction, and decreasing in body size. Also, the population of three giant species of Mekong River fishes (C. siamensis, W. micropogon, and P.jullieni) previously thought to be in serious decline can still be found, although, their body sizes are significantly decreasing.

“Unfortunately, the Mekong Giant Catfish, P. gigas, considered critically endangered by IUCN, is still rare in this stretch of the Mekong. The presence of giant and endangered species in Mekong River deep pools demonstrates the importance of these habitats in fish conservation and provides a starting point for the preservation of these species. The decline of Mekong megafish in northern Cambodia can be attributed to a variety of causes such as threats from multiple anthropogenic pressures. These threatened fishes are all rapidly declining and could ultimately face extinction. The impact of these threats could be minimized by proper management and an effective conservation plan, such as the sustainable management of fishing.

“In light of this, since 2017, approximately 100,000 larvae of endangered fish such as Mekong giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas), giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and other species have been confiscated from illegal fishing operations or collected during research activities. These juvenile fishes are kept in a rearing facility before being released back into the river at a larger size. During rearing in ponds at Cambodia’s Freshwater Aquaculture Research and Development Center (FARDC), Mrs. Hoy Sreynov, an official of the Department of Aquaculture Development of the Fisheries Administration, does monthly monitoring to observe fish growth, feeding, and lifespan. Running this catch, raising and release program requires an understanding of conservation importance and a strong network to promote effective conservation management.”

More at Mekong Fish Network. You may also be interested in my previous post about the Mekong’s revival, here.

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20th C Nordic Welcome to Black Artists

January 23, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Debra Brehmer/Hyperallergic.
Installation view of Nordic Utopia? African Americans in the 20th Century at the Chazen Museum of Art in Madison, Wisconsin, showing the suitcase owned by classical pianist Eugene Haynes.

Looks like there was a good show last fall in Madison, Wisconsin, at the Chazen Museum of Art. Since it’s come and gone, I won’t be able to see it, but I was interested to learn about it from Debra Brehmer at Hyperallergic. I hadn’t known about the warm welcome that Nordic countries gave to African American artists in the last century.

Brehmer wrote, “An old suitcase with a small leather handle summons the presence of the person who once carried it across oceans and nations. Surrounding it in a display case are a pair of shoes, gloves, a hat, and a Bible, all owned by the Julliard-trained Black classical pianist Eugene Haynes. The suitcase symbolizes the flight of Black artists to European countries during the civil rights era and beyond. Although Paris was a well-known hotbed of artistic expats, Nordic Utopia? African Americans in the 20th Century at the Chazen Museum of Art zeroes in on a far less charted corner of Black history: the artists who ventured north.

“Haynes spent summers and winters in Denmark from 1952 to 1962 while he performed across Europe. … Even the most accomplished Black artists found the Jim Crow conditions untenable — the US wasn’t only segregated, it was dangerous. 

“At this time, the Nordic countries of Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark held the promise of racial equality, despite primarily White populations. And slowly, word spread. While many Black artists found solace in the Parisian avant-garde (Josephine Baker, James Baldwin, and Langston Hughes, among others), the Nordic regions, according to poet Gregory Pardlo, quoted in the exhibition catalog, were ‘hipper … for black intellectuals escaping the stifling air pollution of American racism.’ 

“One could get lost in the details of this research-heavy presentation, but an overall theme emerges: the need to get away, not just from an inhospitable place, but from the weight of always being defined by race. Distance from US discriminatory politics gave these artists room to experiment, to make art that wasn’t about being Black or the entrenched problems of their homeland. After he ventured to Scandinavia, the artist William H. Johnson painted van Gogh-influenced portraits, expressionistic sunrises, street scenes, and boats in a harbor. He had married Danish textile artist Holcha Krake. When he returned to the US in 1938, his art underwent a major stylistic shift as he produced folk art-influenced paintings that centered on Black life in Harlem and portraits of Black global activists, for which he is best recognized. …

“Harlem-born painter Herbert Gentry, who first spent five postwar years in Paris and then moved to Copenhagen and later Stockholm, chose cities with thriving jazz scenes as well as international art communities. Gentry often made abstract paintings on unstretched canvas that he could fold into suitcases for easy transport. Ronald Burns, who relocated to Denmark in 1965, pursued a Surrealist style of complex dreamlike compositions. Howard Smith, an artist and designer who arrived in Finland in 1962, worked across media with paper-cutting, laser-cut steel forms, porcelain sculpture, and collage. …

“Being in Europe, most of the artists absorbed the prevalent modernist influences, seeing themselves as part of a broader and more open public consciousness, an environment particularly supportive of Black swing and jazz musicians. … A brilliant documentary, Dancing Prophet (1971), shows dancer/choreographer Doug Crutchfield back home in Cincinnati in earnest conversation with his Baptist minister father about why he needs to leave the USA to pursue his dancing career.

To its credit, the exhibition does not offer simple conclusions.

“Instead it provides multiple perspectives on issues of expatriation, including the fact that racism also existed overseas. … Dexter Gordon expresses one attitude, quoted in wall text: ‘Since I’ve been over here, I felt that I could breathe, you know, and just be more or less a human being, without being white or black, green or yellow, whatever. Actually it’s very seldom that I’m conscious of color here in Europe.’ Artist Howard Smith, who lived in Finland for 14 years, suggests a different condition: ‘I got lonesome there … I need the spiritual input, I guess, of being around Black people.’ …

“Walter Williams first ventured to Denmark in 1955 on a fellowship. He previously earned recognition for his New York City urban scenes. The new landscapes of Denmark stirred him to paint sun-infused pastoral imagery. ‘Southern Landscape’ (1977–78) portrays a young Black girl in the foreground, standing in a field of blooming sunflowers. A bouquet of flowers sprouts from her shoulders. Butterflies surround her. In the background, another Black girl appears to be picking cotton in a field with a shanty behind her.”

“The exhibition was organized by the National Nordic Museum, Seattle.”

More at Hyperallergic, here. No firewall. Subscriptions encouraged.

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Kenya’s Timely Seed Bank

January 22, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: Brian Otieno/The Guardian.
John Okemer, a seed technician, arranges some of the thousands of seeds stored inside Kenya’s gene bank. 

As our wounded planet hurtles through space, what should we take with us to replicate the better things as needed? Noah took two of each animal, bird, fish. Some of our contemporaries are taking seeds.

Caroline Kimeu writes at the Guardian, “On a winding road in the densely forested Kikuyu highlands of south-central Kenya lies a nondescript government building: the Genetic Resources Research Institute. Opened in 1988, during the country’s ‘green revolution,’ this little-known national gene bank was set up to hold and conserve seeds from the traditional crops that were in danger of disappearing as farmers and agricultural industry moved to higher-yield varieties.

“For decades, it has collaborated with researchers studying crop genetics and others working to develop improved varieties. But as the climate crisis worsens food insecurity, the repository of about 50,000 seed and crop collections could become a lifeline for farmers.

“ ‘We were established as a conservation unit, but these are unusual times with climate change, so we’ve had to diversify our work to respond to needs,’ says Desterio Nyamongo, who runs the institute. ‘Given the erratic weather these days, smallholder farmers need a diverse mix of crops.’

“Through a project with the Crop Trust organization the gene bank is now playing a part in the comeback of indigenous crops that are resistant to drought and pests, but fell from favor and have been neglected for decades.

“It stores backups of its most unique seeds at the Svalbard global seed vault in Norway, where it has been sending collections since 2008. The international repository contains more than a million seed samples from around the world.

“Matthew Heaton, the project manager for Crop Trust’s Seeds for Resilience program, says: ‘National gene banks can be overshadowed by the larger international ones, but they are best positioned to quickly improve local resilience and nutrition because their collections are adapted to local needs and growing conditions.’

“The national gene bank is a small operation, with few staff and limited funding, and its cold rooms, which plant scientists say contain only a third of the country’s plant diversity, are almost full. The Seeds of Resilience project, launched in 2019, has supported national gene banks in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Zambia with financial and technical support to keep resilient, healthy and nutritious crop collections, and to increase their support for farmers. …

“Farmers from the village of Obucuun in rural Busia county, on the border of Kenya and Uganda, say that before sourcing new sorghum varieties from the gene bank, growing the cereal had become challenging. Attacks by flocks of weaver birds, which can ravage entire cereal fields, increased in frequency after the wild grasses preferred by the birds became more scarce as a result of the climate crisis.

“Ruth Akoropot, a 50-year-old farmer from the area, spends hours each day watching over her crops during peak hours of attack, after studying the birds’ behavior patterns for years.

“ ‘If you don’t do that, your crop will be wiped out,’ says Akoropot, who runs the women’s sorghum farmers association, which sells bales of the grain to Kenya’s national beer brewery. …

“Most of Busia’s population rely on farming for food and to make a living, but … a number remain vulnerable to food insecurity. Flooding in April and May [in 2024] swept away farmers’ seeds and yields, exacerbating poor agricultural productivity. Old improved crop varieties sourced from the gene bank, such as Kenya’s red-headed sorghum okoto, which farmers say is less prone to bird attacks, have become community favorites in Busia after decades of disuse. …

“Tobias Okando Recha, an impact researcher for the Seeds of Resilience program, says: ‘These are crops that farmers don’t need to pump a lot of fertilizer on. With just a little fertilizer, the yield is good and they are more [resilient] than hybrid varieties. …

“Plant scientists say that while the divide between farmers and seed conservationists is narrowing, more needs to be done. …

“ ‘The gene banks are not museums, but a resource for the future,’ says Heaton. ‘By linking them with farmers, we can swiftly build local resilience and food security.’ ”

More at the Guardian, here.

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A Few Pictures

January 21, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photos: John and Suzanne’s Mom.
A gourd-body bull by Dave Smyth is being shown at Concord Art’s juried member show, 2025. Don’t you love how artists see potential that so many of us miss?

Today’s pictures are mostly from art exhibits I attended this month. The show at Concord Art, above, was in the process of being set up when Meredith and I went. She aims to submit work for the next show and has appeared in several earlier ones.

The orange giant who is holding up the world is at the Fitchburg Art Museum, where Ann and I took in several exhibits — in particular the Bob Dilworth. Born in Virginia, Dilworth taught art for many years in Rhode Island. I liked learning more about noted 19th century Black landscape painter Edward Bannister, seen in the portrait with his wife. Dilworth’s paintings, which he often worked on for years, feature a collage-like effect from the layering of textiles, stenciling, more.

I knew about Bannister before, but was glad to read something about his wife here.

The next two photos do not show such professional work but rather are ceramics created by people of many skill levels who live in my retirement community. They made sea creatures for display in the nursing building. There’s a marine theme throughout that section, including a big salt water fish tank. I visited a friend there, and now I visit her in the memory-care building.

The final photo is actually from my December trip to New York City. There is loads of public art in Penn Station. Nice to have something to look at if your are too early for your train!

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January 20

January 20, 2025 by suzannesmom

Now is the winter of our discontent.

For some reason, I thought today might be a good day to talk about the women of the French Resistance and the power of flying under the radar.

The Library of Congress research guide on the French Resistance says, “Women had a unique ability to serve as Resistants, in some part due to views among many Nazis that women were harmless and non-threatening. … Women were by default granted much greater latitude in moving around — and when apprehended were much more likely to convince officers or soldiers of their innocence.

“Often overlooked, they served as consummate spies. Often speeding along by bicycle, women devised all manner of ways to hide items in their purses and baskets. They used baby carriages as a sort of camouflage to transport goods. …

“Women were invaluable as messengers and couriers; they carried everything from arms and ammunition to intelligence and Resistance propaganda. They also rescued airmen shot down … and operated what were called ‘escape lines’ that served to usher US and British servicemen into safety. They gathered military intelligence (some of these women even worked with Madames in brothels … where information could be gathered secretly), decoded messages, managed underground publications, ran guns, provided support for strikers, and carried out sabotage of German communications. They [worked] as typists and counterfeiters, and proved themselves brave and extraordinarily wily. …

“Recent scholarship has finally brought women Resistants out from the shadows. Women were often slower than men to write about their experiences, but as decades went on, and in some cases archives opened, more of these stories came to light.

“[One] valuable source of material are the témoignages — statements made by individuals during interviews conducted immediately after the War. Some such interviews were under the auspices of the Comité d’Historie de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale in Paris. Many of these sources can be found at the Bibliothèque nationale de France or the Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand in Paris. …

“Some accounts of these women and their activities can be found in reports from those U.S. servicemen, which are available in the National Archives, Washington National Records Center in [Maryland]. There are firsthand accounts of downed American airmen who were assisted by Resistants. Many of these accounts talk about being fed, given medical attention and shelter, and even being shepherded to a safehouse. For safety reasons, these women did not usually give their real names, thus they will forever remain anonymous.

“As Margaret L. Rossiter notes in her study, Women in the Resistance, some women that have gained attention for their heroic acts managed to preform them while nonchalantly preforming their day jobs.

“Jeanne Berthomier, who was a civil servant in the Ministry of Public Works in Paris, managed to deliver top-secret information typed on tissue paper to the Alliance chief, Marie Madeleine Fourcade. Mme Paule Letty-Mouroux used her position as a secretary at the Marine de Toulon in order to report the repair status of Axis ships. Mme Marguerite Claeys collected information from agents who posed as customers at the company she owned with her husband — all without his knowledge.

“Simone Michel Lévy used her job in the Postal, Telegraph, and Telephone Service (PTT) to obtain intelligence [that] she managed to send to London under the code name of Emma. These women all took enormous risks and many of them were eventually caught and arrested. …

“Women from a variety of countries, including Britain and the US, served in the French Resistance. Isabel Townsend Pell … was an American socialite who joined the French Resistance during World War II — one of the few women who was part of the Maquis — purportedly due to her good aim. Going by a code name of Fredericka … she was imprisoned twice during the war, and subsequently decorated with the Legion of Honor for her service.

The stories of these women and countless others stand as testaments to the fact that no matter what role you have or where you find yourself, there is often a way to contribute to a larger cause. …

“Eighty years after their Liberation, France continues to commemorate French Resistance fighters and Allied veterans from WWII. … On May 27th, 2024, in the presence of the family of Alice Arteil, a secondary school in Le Mayet-de Montagne, was renamed in honor of French Resistant Alice Arteil. Arteil was one of the only women to command her own Resistance group. Her knowledge of the mountainous and woody terrain was invaluable for the rescue missions and the general activities of the group.” More at LOC, here.

At the website, there are other women, listed alphabetically. I loved reading about Pippa the “knitting spy,” who hid her information within a knitting kit by knotting codes onto silk. Was she thinking about Madame Defarge? What a testament to fiction being as real as real life — and sometimes more influential!

“ ‘En 1940, il n’y avait plus d’hommes. C’étaient des femmes qui ont démarré la Résistance.’ 
-Germaine Tillion, quoted in Femmes de la Résistance: 1940-1945.”

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Martin Luther King, Jr.

January 19, 2025 by suzannesmom

Photo: AFP via Getty Images.
Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. addresses the crowd at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., where he gave his “I Have a Dream” speech on Aug. 28, 1963, as part of the March on Washington.

On Monday, January 20, we celebrate the birth of civil rights hero Martin Luther King Jr. although his actual date of birth is January 15. Most national holidays in the US get moved to a Monday to create a long weekend. The only two exceptions I can think of are July 4, Independence Day, and November 11, Veterans Day.

I want to tell readers from other countries about MLK Jr. And there are details that many Americans don’t know either. I, for one, had no idea he was originally named Michael! Doesn’t have the same ring to it, does it?

From Wikipedia: “Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister, activist, and political philosopher who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through the use of nonviolent resistance and nonviolent civil disobedience against Jim Crow laws and other forms of legalized discrimination.

“A black church leader, King participated in and led marches for the right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other civil rights. He oversaw the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

“As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize some of the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King was one of the leaders of the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his ‘I Have a Dream‘ speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, and helped organize two of the three Selma to Montgomery marches during the 1965 Selma voting rights movement. The civil rights movement achieved pivotal legislative gains in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 [now dismantled by the Supreme Court], and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. There were several dramatic standoffs with segregationist authorities, who often responded violently.

“King was jailed several times. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. Edgar Hoover considered King a radical and made him an object of the FBI’s COINTELPRO from 1963 forward. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, spied on his personal life, and secretly recorded him. In 1964, the FBI mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide. On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the Vietnam War.

“In 1968, King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D.C., to be called the Poor People’s Campaign, when he was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. James Earl Ray, a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary, was convicted of the assassination.” More.

On that April morning in 1968, I was driving to work in the same town where, three years later, there was an FBI office break-in that uncovered government malfeasance. I was listening to the radio, when I heard King had been assassinated. I was so sad. Scared, too, about what was happening to our country, because political assassinations seemed to be becoming a trend. Maybe we would always have to expect and somehow deal with them.

It was a turbulent time, with Americans against Americans with regard to the Vietnam War. I remember attending community discussions in which the personal vitriol took my breath away.

Nowadays, I try to remember that we got through that and can get through other things.

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