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Gifts that Fans Send

Photo: Amir Hamja for The New York Times.
Bracelets sent to Gabrielle Nevaeh, the former star of Nickelodeon’s That Girl Lay Lay, who is in Stranger Things: The First Shadow on Broadway. “It’s a reminder that my work is reaching people,” she says.

Did you ever ask for an autograph? Mail a fan letter? Throw “jelly babies” at the Beatles?

I have sometimes written a letter to an actor or author, but mostly to argue about some interpretation. I am not sure anyone would consider me a true fan, but there are people out there who go to enormous lengths to connect to the object of their admiration.

At the New York Times, Sarah Bahr shares what she has learned about them.

“The fan mail landscape in New York theater is alive and well. Across the theater district, stage managers and theater employees collect fan art, stuffed animals and other gifts of appreciation that are sent to stars, ferrying the items to mailboxes and dressing rooms.

“ ‘It’s so cool that people still send me things after all these years,’ said Joey Fatone, the former ’N Sync singer who recently ended his run in the Broadway musical & Juliet.

“He estimated that each week he received about a dozen handwritten letters and several packages, including one containing a track suit emblazoned with “& Joeyet,” a play on his name and the jukebox musical’s. ‘I read as much as I can, but there’s so much,’ said Fatone, 48. …

Somewhat unexpectedly, these decidedly analog gestures have endured in the age of social media.

“Fans are combing stars’ Instagram feeds and TikTok reels for clues to their favorite snacks, their astrological signs and even the names of their pets.

“ ‘It’s surprising how well they know your interests,’ said Elizabeth Gillies, 32, the Victorious star who recently finished a five-month run as Audrey in the Off Broadway revival of Little Shop of Horrors.

“During the run, a fan sent her a large pillow with a photo of her French bulldog, Otis, and another got her a set of miniature cans of Canada Dry Ginger Ale, a favorite drink. She also received a custom hat with the plumbob mood icon that floats above characters heads in The Sims, which is her favorite video game. One even drew a picture of Otis dressed as Audrey, and her co-star Milo Manheim’s spaniel, Louie, dressed as Seymour.

“ ‘The creativity and the attention to detail are extraordinarily impressive,’ said Gillies, who framed the portrait. ‘It’s incredibly heartwarming to know that people are not only paying attention to your artistry, but they’re also paying attention to you.’

“Gabrielle Nevaeh, the former star of Nickelodeon’s That Girl Lay Lay who is in Stranger Things: The First Shadow on Broadway, likes to read letters in her dressing room during intermission.

“ ‘It’s a reminder that my work is reaching people,’ said Nevaeh, 20, who plays the strong-willed high school student Patty Newby in the show.

“So what do people write to stars? Often, Fatone said, people express gratitude — for his music, for the joy his performance brought them, for his decades-long career.

“ ‘I get letters that say, “Thank you so much for being in my life all these years,” ‘ he said.

“Michelle Williams, the former Destiny’s Child singer who is playing the mysterious Viola Van Horn in the stage adaptation of Death Becomes Her on Broadway, said it makes her day when she reads a letter from a writer who is struggling and has found inspiration in her work.

“ ‘Someone sent me a letter last week saying, “I deal with depression and anxiety, and I see how you’ve overcome and you’re back on Broadway,” ‘ said Williams, 46, who took a break from the Broadway musical Once on This Island in 2018 to seek treatment for depression. …

“Some of the letters are typed; some are handwritten. Fatone said he also receives invitations to weddings and bar mitzvahs — or sometimes requests for him to sign the invitations themselves. …

“As much as the stars said they have appreciated the mail, it just isn’t possible keep all of it.

“ ‘I can’t throw away anything handmade or handwritten,’ Gillies said on a recent afternoon, shortly before clearing out her dressing room — including two large storage bins of fan mail — at the Westside Theater following her Little Shop run. ‘So I’m sort of an organized hoarder for all of the fan letters and fan gifts that I’ve received.’ ” More at the Times, here.

I once wrote René Auberjonois to see if my family could visit backstage at Big River. He wrote back a welcoming postcard, and we got to chat a bit after the show.

Photo: Lou Foglia for WBEZ.
Seth Boustead of the nonprofit Access Contemporary Music in Chicago describes the location they chose for their concerts: “The door dings when you walk in, like a 7-Eleven — we left that.”

I love stories about the successful repurposing of eyesore buildings. In today’s article, WBEZ’s Graham Meyer gives an inspiring example from Chicago.

“Not everyone looks at the long-vacant husk of a former convenience store and gets visions of string quartets and piano recitals. But that’s exactly how it happened for Seth Boustead, the head of Access Contemporary Music.

“In February 2023, in a cab traveling on North Clark Street, Boustead saw the familiar sight of the empty store at 4116, once a 7-Eleven, before that a White Hen Pantry. This time, the window had a ‘for rent’ sign. After the cab ride, Boustead zipped back on his bicycle and peered in the dark windows.

“ ‘This would be an amazing chamber music venue,’ he remembers thinking. …

“ ‘It’s pretty unrecognizable [now],’ Boustead said. ‘The door dings when you walk in, like a 7-Eleven — we left that. Behind the bar, there’s still, where the grease trap used to be, a door that goes down into the floor where they used to dump grease. I found a training poster for their employees, and we’re planning to frame it and put it in the bathroom.’

“ACM, now 21 years old, has always done many different things simultaneously. It gives music lessons, has a composer collective and presents concerts, such as the annual Sound of Silent Film Festival, where it commissions and live-performs scores for modern silent films. And once a year, it throws a classical music street festival called Thirsty Ears.

“The CheckOut [aims] to put on two or three chamber concerts a week, mostly self-produced. There are incipient plans for a jazz night on Thursday and for cabaret shows to fill the void left when Davenport’s abruptly canceled all its cabarets in April. …

“Unsurprisingly, a project of this magnitude had obstacles, money chief among them. Boustead said the rent for the CheckOut is close to the three music schools’ combined. And it quickly became clear that in addition to the renovations necessary to convert the space to a music venue, they would have to make up for upkeep that 7-Eleven had inconveniently deferred. …

“Then there were the administrative hurdles. The property was zoned for single-family houses, and the area had a liquor license moratorium. Both the odd zoning and the moratorium had the effect of funneling ACM through 46th Ward Ald. Angela Clay’s office, so that she and the community could weigh in before the project began. Boustead made a presentation to the Graceland West Area Community Association about lessons, rehearsals and concerts for 60 to 100 audience members filling the empty shell.

“ ‘Folks were excited about having this kind of small cultural institution in the neighborhood, but there’s a lot of red tape the city puts up,’ said Jesse Orr, director of infrastructure and development in Clay’s office.

“Boustead started checking boxes. With some hand-holding from Clay’s office, they hacked through the permits, inspections, zoning and other city tasks. And he worked on money. ACM landed a Community Development Grant through the city’s Department of Planning and Development for $250,000. They started a capital campaign, offering naming rights for the stage and chairs. …

“[In August] Boustead assembled a preview crowd and noted the irony that 7-Elevens play classical music to prevent people from loitering. This time, the 7-Eleven left, and the classical music stayed around.

“The Palomar Trio, part of ACM’s long-standing house ensemble, played piano-violin-cello music ranging chronologically from modern Dmitri Shostakovich to the of-the-minute 42-year-old Reena Esmail. With acoustical work still to be done, the room echoed more than would be ideal, and how to manage the sound of the air conditioning against the temperature of the room hasn’t been settled. But the music filled the space nicely, the louds excitingly loud and soft effects detectable. You’d never guess it had once been slinging slushies.” More at WBEZ, here.

If you are interested, Dylan Weinert at New City Music has a review of the opening, here.

Photo: Kim Willsher/The Guardian.
Pralognan-la-Vanoise in the French Alps is in danger from global warming. An engineering operation to prevent catastrophic flooding will cost about €400,000 ($465,000). 

As discouraging as it is to read another story about global warming, one has to feel a little hopeful that human ingenuity keeps tackling its effects.

Kim Willsher reports at the Guardian about how engineering is fighting back in France. I leave it to you to decide whether putting humans first or the glacier first would be best.

The villagers of Pralognan-la-Vanoise in the French Alps know well the perils posed by the mountains that encircle them. Avalanches, rockfalls, mudslides, sudden crevices and torrents of water are within the living memory of most villagers, and every day the climate emergency throws up new dangers.

“Less than a year ago, an enormous lake formed by a melting glacier was discovered high above Pralognan that experts feared could inundate the village with more than 60,000 cubic metres [15,850,000+ gallons] of icy water. …

“As used to natural hazards as local people are high up in the Alps, they are not, however, an idle threat. The Swiss village of Blatten was wiped out by a rock and ice avalanche in May and last year a mountain lake swollen by heavy rainfall caused torrential flooding in La Bérarde in the Isère, forcing inhabitants to flee the hamlet. They have not returned.

“Today, an engineering operation is under way to prevent such a catastrophic scenario in Pralognan. Three workers have been helicoptered to the Grand Marchet glacier at an altitude of 2,900 metres [1.8 miles] to gouge a [narrow] ‘overflow channel’ in the ice. …

“ ‘The aim is to help the water find its way down the mountain gradually and avoid a rapid emptying of the lake,’ said David Binet, the director of the mountain land restoration service (RTM) for the northern Alps, part of the national forestry commission tasked with identifying and preventing natural hazards.

“ ‘What causes the problems and damage with torrents in the mountains is not the water but the stones, gravel, sand and even large rocks it brings down with it.’

“The glacier blocks the lake from spilling down the mountain but it is shrinking at a rate of 2 to 3 metres [6.6 to 9.8 feet] a year. There is also the risk that that the warmer waters of the lake could form a channel gush from underneath.

“Binet said his agency was examining 300 of the estimated 600 lakes in the Alps and Pyrenees one by one for such hazards. The Pralognan operation will cost about €400,000 [$465,000)]. …

“The idea of taking mechanical shovels to glaciers already shrinking at an alarming rate was deemed the least environmentally damaging option. Olivier Gagliardini, a glacier expert at Grenoble University, described it as ‘unfortunate, but necessary.’

“Martine Blanc, the mayor of Pralognan, said … ‘We asked ourselves could it wait but on the principle that prevention is better than cure we decided to go ahead,’ she said. ‘We decided to anticipate events rather than suffer them. Nature is nature and there’s no such thing as zero risk.’ …

“Local shopkeepers say the number of tourists and hikers this summer is down, possibly because the campsite is closed, but Silvere Bonnet, the director of the tourist office, said he had had very few calls from potential visitors concerned about the lake. …

“On a sunny day, the giant rock faces etched with shimmering cascades that rise almost vertically have a benevolent beauty. An hour later in a rapid change of atmosphere, the peaks are cloaked in dark clouds and loom intimidatingly.

“ ‘They can appear rather menacing at first to visitors because they are so sheer,’ [Bernard Vion, a 66-year-old Alpine guide who has watched the expanse of water grow and the mountain change over his lifetime] said. The 66-year-old knows these mountains ‘like his pocket,’ as the French say. He made his first high-altitude climb aged eight with his father, also a guide. Both his grandfathers were Alpinists.

“Vion first spotted what he describes as ‘a puddle’ of water on the Grand Marchet glacier in 2019. Every year since he has watched it grow; it now measures almost 2.5 acres. …

“ ‘We are on the frontline of climate change here. We know it is happening,’ he said.

“Blanc agreed. … ‘People here are used to natural hazards. We’re used to avalanches, falling rocks, torrential floods and mudslides because we’ve seen them and lived with them since we were young. Local people understand there are things we can control and then those we cannot.’ ”

More at the Guardian, here.

Photo: Rayvon Stewart.
Rayvon Stewart invented a workable model for a door handle that could disinfect itself after every touch. 

Ever since seventh grade, when my health teacher showed an educational animation about how disease could spread by touching things with germs on them, I’ve been wary of doorknobs. I even answered the question on an intelligence or psychological assessment truthfully, knowing it would trigger alarm bells. Test: “Are you afraid of doorknobs?” My brain: “Well, yes. Everyone should be afraid of doorknobs!”

Natricia Duncan writes at the Guardian about someone else who thought doorknobs were a problem.

“When the Jamaican university student Rayvon Stewart invented a workable model for a door handle that could disinfect itself after every touch, it was hailed as a potential gamechanger for hospitals, hotels and other businesses, with promising implications for controlling the spread of disease, particularly during pandemics like Covid-19.

“Speaking at a recent product launch, Alison Drayton, assistant secretary-general of the Caribbean Community (Caricom), a 15-member bloc of Caribbean countries, described the invention as a ‘meaningful solution’ for the region and a ‘life-saving design that fits our reality.’

“Stewart, now 30, was just 23 and a student at Jamaica’s University of Technology when he conceptualized the pioneering ultraviolet self-sanitizing door-handle model he calls Xermosol, which he says can kill 99.9% of pathogens but is safe for people and animals. Since then he has been working to bring the product, which benefits from a provisional patent protection under the patent cooperation treaty, to market, winning Jamaica’s Prime Minister’s National Youth Award and the Commonwealth Health Innovations Awards in the process. …

“Stewart grew up in a poor household with his grandmother, in the rural farming community of Mount Prospect. ‘Even though times were tough, we never really thought about that. We knew that we had something to do as a family,’ he said. The software engineer and his cousin were the first in their family to go to university.

“There, he discovered his love of inventing and entered a competition with his first idea: 3D modeling software that would allow people to virtually fit clothes before purchasing online. When he started volunteering in a hospital, his passion for innovation became about solving a problem.

” ‘I saw how patients were suffering, the assistance that they needed, and how difficult it was for the nurses,’ he said. This, he added was the inspiration for Xermosol.

“Dr Camille-Ann Thoms-Rodriguez, a University of the West Indies consultant microbiologist, said that, while the invention did not replace the need for World Health Organisation cleaning guidelines in hospitals, Stewart’s smart self-sanitizing door handle was an innovative tool that can be used alongside others, for infection control. …

“She said, ‘A lot of the innovation that we see in healthcare is often from a first-world country where there are more resources … but it doesn’t mean that we don’t have good ideas here.’ …

“Kirk-Anthony Hamilton, co-founder of Tech-Beach Retreat, a Caribbean-based tech platform that connects innovators, entrepreneurs and investors through summits, programs and investment, said there was a growing desire in the region to tackle ambitious tech projects.

“ ‘Young people in the Caribbean are seeing what opportunities they’re missing out on, and they want to be a part of it. They’re reading stories about a guy in a garage coming up with a concept, and two years in, the company is making $50m a year,’ he said. …

“In the broader field of digital technology, businesses such as the software development company BairesDev, which has a global workforce of more than 4,000, said it saw a 400% increase in applications from developers in the Caribbean between 2020 and 2024.

“One possible explanation for this, the company’s director of talent acquisition, Felipe Turra, said, was the increased demand for software engineers during the Covid pandemic as lockdowns drove innovation. ‘Companies started saying, hey … I need to develop new applications, because people can’t leave home,’ he said, adding that the Caribbean being largely aligned to the US, both in terms of language and culture, made it a good fit for its US-based clients.

“For Stewart, the shift in innovations and increasing digital talent is ‘challenging the myth that there isn’t awesome, life-changing technology in the Caribbean.’ “

More at the Guardian, here. (The Guardian relies on donations to continue delivering factual news.)

Photo: Mike Householder/AP.
Sue Stejskal lets Maple, an English springer spaniel, sniff a bee-themed dog toy at Michigan State University’s Pollinator Performance Center. Maple is part of an effort to screen and diagnose diseases that sicken honeybees.

It seems that over the past few years, I’m hearing more and more about bees — their importance to the food chain, their worrisome diseases. On Instagram I’ve been following the intrepid Erika Thompson @texasbeeworks, and after Sandra told me about an inspiring bee tour, I added @bodhis.bees in Rhode Island. Then, there’s my friend AJ, who shares honey from his hives when the black bear leaves them alone.

Keeping bees and other pollinators healthy is an important job that’s getting increasingly difficult as unaware humans damage their environment. In today’s story, a specially trained dog is helping protect bees.

Ramon Antonio Vargas reports at the Associated Press via the Guardian, “Maple, a springer spaniel aged nine, is earning news headlines by helping Michigan State University (MSU) researchers identify bacteria that is harmful for bee colonies. …

“Maple landed the role after spending seven years detecting human remains for a sheriff’s office. She had to retire from the sheriff’s office after suffering an injury on the job – leaving her handler, Sue Stejskal, in search of something to keep Maple busy.

“ ‘She’s a very over-the-top, enthusiastic, sometimes hard-to-live with dog because of her energy level,’ Stejskal, who has been training dogs for law enforcement and other uses for more than 25 years, said to the AP.

“Fortunately for Stejskal, MSU professor Meghan Milbrath was seeking out tools to screen and diagnose diseases that sicken honeybees, which her lab studies. A veterinarian who had taken part in a training about honeybees later put Stejksal and Milbrath in touch.

“And soon, the pair hatched a plan by which Stejskal taught Maple to apply her police canine detection methods in beehives to uncover American foulbrood – a bacterial disease that poses a deadly threat to honeybee larvae.

“The work Maple has since done for MSU’s Pollinator Performance Center has been crucial, with bees and other pollinators in a years-long decline stemming from diseases, insecticides, a lack of a diverse food supply and climate change driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases.

“ ‘American foulbrood [harms] young developing bees, and when a hive gets infected, it actually basically leads to death,’ Milbrath, an assistant professor in MSU’s entomology department. …

” ‘Beekeepers have had to burn tens of thousands of dollars of equipment due to this disease,’ Milbrath said to WILX.

“Maple carries out her duties in a distinctive, yellow protective suit. Her gear includes a veil for her head and four bootees worn on her paws to shield Maple in case she steps on a bee. …

“About 465 bee species are native to Michigan alone. Among the goals of training Maple to spot American foulbrood for the Pollinator Performance Center was to create a guidebook with which other dogs could be similarly taught, WILX noted.

“Stejskal told the AP, ‘I was over-the-moon excited because my dog would have joy in her life and would still be able to work,’ Stejskal said.” More at the Guardian, here.

You probably know there are things we can all do to help bees.

Many homeowners, for example, are giving up pesticides and herbicides. They are leaving the leaves on their lawns in fall to provide pollinator habitat in spring, and they’re committing to No Mow May. After all, as Bee City tells us, “The start of the growing season is a critical time for hungry, newly emerged native bees. Flowers may be hard to find. By allowing it to grow longer, and letting flowers bloom, your lawn can provide nectar and pollen to help your bee neighbors thrive.”

Please add bee tips if you know of some not covered here.

Photo: AP/Luis Andres Henao.
“Voices of Gullah” members, Joe Murray, from left, Minnie “Gracie” Gadson, Rosa Murray and Charles “Jojo” Brown, sing Gullah spirituals at the Brick Baptist Church, St Helena Island, South Carolina.

Not long ago, I read a fascinating memoir called The Water Is Wide, by Pat Conroy, about teaching poor children on a South Carolina island in 1969-1970. The depravation on that island was troubling to read about.

Today’s story about a different South Carolina island shows a different side. The island elders in this article about preserving tradition have agency.

Luis Andres Henao writes for the Associated Press (AP), “Minnie ‘Gracie’ Gadson claps her hands and stomps her feet against the floorboards, lifting her voice in a song passed down from her enslaved ancestors who were forced to work the cotton and rice plantations of the South Carolina Sea Islands.

“It’s a Gullah spiritual, and the 78-year-old singer is one of a growing group of artists and scholars trying to preserve these sacred songs and their Gullah Geechee culture for future generations. …

“On a recent summer day, her voice rang out inside Coffin Point Praise House. It’s one of three remaining wooden structures on St. Helena Island that once served as a place of worship for the enslaved, and later, for generations of free Black Americans.

“Gadson grew up singing in these praise houses. Today, as a Voices of Gullah member, she travels the U.S. with others in their 70s and 80s singing in the Gullah Creole language that has West African roots.

“ ‘This Gullah Geechee thing is what connects us all across the African diaspora because Gullah Geechee is the blending of all of these cultures that came together during that terrible time in our history called the trans-Atlantic slave trade,’ said Anita Singleton-Prather, who recently performed and directed a play about Gullah history.

“The show highlighted Gullah contributions during the American Revolution, including rice farming and indigo dying expertise. At the theater entrance, vendors offered Gullah rice dishes and demonstrated how to weave sweetgrass into baskets.

“More than 5,000 descendants of enslaved plantation workers are estimated to live on St. Helena Island, the largest Gullah community on the South Carolina coast where respect for tradition and deep cultural roots persists.

“Singleton-Prather [says] that despite slavery’s brutality, the Gullah people were able to thrive, ‘giving our children a legacy — not a legacy of shame and victimization, but a legacy of strength and resilience.’ …

” ‘It’s important to preserve the Gullah culture, mainly because it informs us all, African Americans, where they come from and that it’s still here,’ said Eric Crawford, author of Gullah Spirituals: The Sound of Freedom and Protest in the South Carolina Sea Islands.

“For most of his life, he hadn’t heard the word Gullah. That changed in 2007 with a student’s master’s thesis about Gullah culture in public schools.

“ ‘As I began to investigate it, I began to understand that “Nobody Knows the Trouble I’ve Seen,” “Roll Jordan Roll,” “Kumbaya!” — all these iconic songs came from this area,’ he said.

“Versions of these songs, he said, can be traced back to the 19th century when ‘Slave Songs of the United States,’ the first book of African American spirituals, was recorded on St. Helena Island. …

“He was so curious that he traveled to St. Helena, where he met the singers and began recording their music. … Crawford said, sitting on the original wooden pews of the island’s Mary Jenkins Praise House, ‘They were forced to go to their owners’ church and stay in the balcony. But then in the evening, typically on Sunday evenings, Tuesday and Thursday, they had this space by themselves, away from the watchful eye of the owners, and they could engage in their own songs.’ …

“At a recent concert they clapped their hands in one rhythm, stomped the floor in another and swayed, singing at the island’s Brick Baptist Church.

“ ‘These singers are as close as we would ever come to how the enslaved sang these songs,’ Crawford said. ‘That authenticity — you just cannot duplicate that.’

“He began to take the singers on tour in 2014. Since then, they’ve performed across the U.S. as well as in Belize and Mexico. The touring band’s members include Gadson; 89-year-old Rosa Murray; 87-year-old Joe Murray; and their son, Charles ‘Jojo’ Brown.

“ ‘I’m gonna continue doing it until I can’t do it no more, and hope that younger people will come in, others younger than me, to keep it going,’ said Brown who, at 71. …

“His mother agrees. Sitting in her living room, surrounded by framed photos of dozens of grandchildren, she said she’ll continue singing for them.

“ ‘I hope and pray one or two of them will fall in my footsteps,’ she said.”

More about the Gullah culture at AP, here.

Photo: Nick Ut / AP.
A blue whale, the largest mammal on Earth, surfaces in the Pacific Ocean near Long Beach, California.

Whether we’re talking about Jonah and the whale or Pinocchio or the lobster fisherman’s uncomfortably close encounter in 2021, we humans have always been fascinated by the largest mammals on Earth. And the blue whale is the most massive of them all. But what is going on with Leviathan of late?

Shola Lawal writes at Al Jazeera that it is not singing as much as it used to.

“Unlike our musical sounds, those produced by whales are a complex range of vocalizations that include groans, clicks and whistles and that can sound like anything from the mooing of a cow to the twitter of a bird. These vocalisations can be so powerful that they can be heard as far as 10km (6 miles) away, and can last for half an hour at a time. …

“For researchers, these complex sounds are a window into whale behavior, even if humans don’t yet know exactly how to decode them.

“The frequency of songs and their intensity can signal various things: an abundance of food, for example. In recent studies, however, researchers have been alarmed to find that blue whales, the largest whales and, indeed, the largest mammals on Earth, have stopped singing at specific times.

“Their eerie quietness, scientists say, is a signal that ocean life is changing fundamentally. The most recent study, conducted by scientists from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California in the US and published in February, examined three types of whales. Researchers found that blue whales, in particular, have become more vulnerable to this change.

“Whale songs are critical for communication between males and females when mating and among schools of whales migrating. …

“The first study, conducted in the sea waters between the islands of New Zealand between 2016 and 2018, was led by scientists from the Marine Mammal Institute at Oregon State University in the US. Over that period of time, researchers tracked specific blue whale vocalizations linked to feeding (called D-calls) and mating (called patterned songs).

“Researchers used continuous recordings from underwater devices called hydrophones, which can log sounds over thousands of kilometers, and which were placed in the South Taranaki Bight – a known foraging spot for blue whales off the west coast of New Zealand.

“They discovered that during some periods, particularly in the warmer months of spring and summer when whales usually fatten up, the frequency and intensity of sounds related to feeding activity dropped – suggesting a reduction in food sources. That decline was followed by reduced occurrences of patterned songs, signaling a dip in reproductive activity.

” ‘When there are fewer feeding opportunities, they put less effort into reproduction,’ lead researcher Dawn Barlow told reporters. The results of that study were published in the journal Ecology and Evolution in 2023.

“Then, in a study published in the scientific journal PLOS One in February [2025] researchers tracked baleen whale sounds in the California Current Ecosystem, the area in the North Pacific Ocean stretching from British Columbia to Baja California. Blue whales are a type of baleen whale, and the study focused on them, alongside their cousins, humpback whales and fin whales.

“Over six years starting in 2015, the scientists found distinct patterns. Over the first two years, ‘times were tough for whales,’ lead researcher John Ryan, of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California, noted in a press statement, as the whales, particularly blue whales, were found to be singing less. Over the next three years, however, all three whale species were back to singing more frequently, the study noted.

“Both studies found one main reason for the reduction of whale song: food or, in this case, the lack of it. It turns out that the research, conducted between 2015 and 2020, captured periods of extreme marine heatwave events that killed off krill, the small shrimp-like animals that blue whales feed on.

“Those heatwaves are part of a looming environmental catastrophe … caused by high-emission human activities, chief among them being the burning of fossil fuels. …

“Krill, which blue whales primarily feed on, are highly sensitive to heat and can all but vanish during heatwaves, the studies found. Their movement patterns also change drastically: instead of staying together, as they usually do, krill disperse when it is hot, making them harder for predators like blue whales to find.

“Typically, when foraging, blue whales sing to others to signal that they have found swarms of krill. … Heatwaves can also trigger harmful chemical changes in the oceans that encourage the growth of toxic algae, which causes poisoning and death to mammals in the oceans and sea birds, researchers have previously found, suggesting that blue whales are also at risk of being poisoned.

“In the more recent study in California, researchers found that in the first two years when whales were singing less frequently, there was also a reduction in other fish populations. …

“ ‘Compared to humpback whales, blue whales in the eastern North Pacific may be more vulnerable due to not only a smaller population size but also a less flexible foraging strategy,’ Ryan, the lead author of the California study said in a statement. …

“It is likely, both studies say, that blue whales need to spend more time and energy finding food when it is scarce, instead of singing.”

At Al Jazeera, here, you read about climate change effects on other species, too.

Photo: Emil Widlund/Unsplash.

Funny how quiet, unassuming institutions like libraries keep getting in the news! Today’s story is one example. But it’s not about libraries as sanctuaries during riots or about mild-mannered librarians standing up to book banning. It’s about the way libraries run themselves and how companies could learn something from them.

Criag Shapiro writes at Fast Company, “Walk into a library and you’ll feel it right away. It’s quiet but alive. People are reading, learning, applying for jobs, finding shelter, escaping for a moment into a story. No one’s selling anything. Yet the value being created is enormous.

“In 2022 (the most recent year for which we have data), there were 671 million visits to public libraries in the United States. … Despite changes in media habits, younger generations use libraries more than any other cohort (54% of Gen Zers and millennials in the U.S. reported visiting a physical library in the past year). And that’s not counting the millions more who use the myriad digital services public libraries offer. …

“We’re living in a time of rapid change. Trust in institutions is slipping. … AI is transforming the nature of work. Economic pressure is rising for employees, founders, and leaders alike. Against that backdrop, it’s tempting to think only in terms of efficiency, cost-cutting, and optimization.

“But there’s a deeper opportunity. What if long-term success is more about building environments where people feel inspired, curious, and connected? That’s what libraries do. And that’s what the best organizations of any kind are learning to do, too.

“Libraries don’t ask you to justify your interests. You can check out a book on astrophysics or attend a poetry reading. No one’s measuring your productivity. The door is open, and the invitation is simple: Explore.

“Great companies operate with a similar principle. They give people space to think. To chase ideas that might not have an immediate return. Not because it’s soft or unfocused, but because it leads to better breakthroughs. 

“On the way to becoming a company worth more than $2 trillion, Google famously gave employees ‘20% time,’ encouraging them to pursue passion projects without immediate commercial goals. This freedom led directly to innovations like Gmail, Google Maps, and AdSense. …

“A library is not about monetization. Yet its value shows up everywhere: literacy rates, employment readiness, civic health. The best organizations understand this. They offer more than a product. …

“Patagonia demonstrates this principle powerfully through its environmental activism, which goes far beyond selling outdoor gear. The company’s bold stances — from suing the government over environmental policies to donating profits to climate causes — might seem risky from a traditional business perspective. Yet Patagonia’s sales have quadrupled in the past decade to more than $1 billion annually. Patagonia’s commitment to meaning over pure profit resonates deeply with its community, strengthening brand loyalty and trust. …

“Libraries recognize that people are more than readers or borrowers. They offer after-school programs for children, job training for adults, and social services for those in need. They understand visitors have complex lives, and that growth rarely follows a single, predictable path.

“The best organizations understand this, too. Work is not just work. It’s identity. It’s purpose. It’s how people spend the majority of their waking hours. When leaders recognize that … people stay longer. They perform better. They build things they’re proud of. …

“Healthy people build healthy organizations. The modern library is more than books. It hosts résumé workshops. Offers tax help. Provides warmth in the winter. It meets people where they are. That’s a powerful concept for any organization.

“Consider Airbnb. What began as a way to find short-term lodging is steadily evolving into something broader: a platform for travel, connection, and cultural exchange. Now the company is expanding from where you stay to how you explore, offering everything from pasta-making in Rome to wildlife walks in Nairobi. It’s a bold attempt to transform a transactional service into a layered, participatory ecosystem that reflects the ways travelers want to feel at home in the world. 

“What if you stopped thinking of your offering as a single product or service? What if you thought of it as a foundation people could build from?

“Libraries remind us that value isn’t always immediate or measurable in quarterly reports. But it’s real. The impact accumulates over time, quietly compounding. The same can be true for any organization willing to think more expansively.

“Invest in culture. Make room for imagination. Support your people. Serve your community. Not because it looks good, but because it works.” More at Fast Company, here.

At this moment of pervasive anxiety in the US, I’m not sure businesses or employees can relax enough to experiment with being like libraries and librarians. What do you think? Is the analogy a stretch?

Photo: Durrie Bouscaren/The World.
Inspired by Istanbul’s “deadstock” shops, OhSevenDays uses small batches of fabric to create womenswear. Designer Megan Mummery is pictured above inside OhSevenDays in Turkey.

According to public radio show The World, the textile industry generates an estimated 92 million tons of waste every year — equivalent to a garbage truck full of clothing every second. But today’s article suggests a way to give textiles a second life. 

The whole time I read this, I was picturing Cinderella’s little friends among the birds and mice turning the ugly sisters’ cast-off fabrics and ribbons into a gown for the ball. You remember the Disney Cinderella? I’m talking about the pretty gown the sisters destroyed, causing the Fairy Godmother to step in.

Durrie Bouscaren reports at The World, “In the backstreets of Istanbul’s garment districts, there are stores selling bolts and bolts of leftover fabric. …

“These 100-meter rolls of fabric, known as ‘deadstock,’ are the discards of Turkey’s largest clothing manufacturers. And to a growing cohort of designers, they hold the key to reducing waste in the fashion industry.  

“ ‘There are big manufacturers in Turkey that do production runs of 30,000 to 50,000 unit pieces. So, the precision in that production is something else,’ said Australian Canadian designer Megan Mummery.

“At that scale, fabric rolls with small tears, stains or other imperfections are immediately removed from the machines. And if a brand miscalculates and orders too many rolls of a specific fabric, it will end up with a surplus.

“In most cases, deadstock fabric rolls are incinerated or dropped off at a landfill. …

“ ‘It’s minuscule for them — one roll is 100 meters,’ Mummery told The World. ‘But for us, it’s gold.’

“Inspired by Istanbul’s deadstock shops, which she explored after moving to the city with her husband in 2015, Mummery began using smaller batches of fabric to create womenswear designs. She named her brand OhSevenDays — a reference to her earliest collections of only seven pieces at a time, and a play on the Turkish word ‘seven,’ for ‘one who loves.’  

“ ‘It was really slow at the beginning,’ Mummery said. … ‘And I remember, an influencer once wore a top and posted it, and we got like 20 orders in a day, and it was the most exciting thing ever!’ 

“Today, Mummery’s designs are a tasteful blend of classic neutrals and airy patterns. Signature bralette tops are paired with matching high-waisted skirts and summery cotton shorts, perfectly at home in the historic Istanbul apartments and garden balconies often featured in her photo shoots. A line of maternity clothes offers options for both the office and casual wear. 

“As with many small-scale sustainable brands, OhSevenDays’ price point is higher than that of major retailers. A popular blue patchwork Darcy dress is priced at $240, and a dark denim jumpsuit sells for $150. A breathable, white cotton maternity blouse is $124. …

“Turkey is among the world’s largest exporters of clothing, and a significant amount of deadstock fabric is available in the country, according to [Sibel Ege, an Istanbul-based fashion industry expert who runs a textile consultancy called REN Sourcing]. But few brands are incorporating it into their practices, and even fewer customers are aware of what it is. 

“ ‘After COVID, the customers became more aware of the importance of (sustainability), and started to pressure the brands,’ Ege said. ‘But if the customer doesn’t know what it means, it doesn’t make a value at the sales.’ 

“Mummery and her team work together out of a shared studio that is no larger than 700 square feet. A line of dresses hangs above the machines, while tailors measure, steam and cut fabric — making the pieces from start to finish.  That makes the work harder, but more interesting, said tailor Türker Pehlivan. 

” ‘It’s challenging,’ Pehlivan said. ‘But in the end, something beautiful comes out — and we’re happy because we made something beautiful.’

“[Mummery] has found ways to use the small size of OhSevenDays to her advantage.  Custom sizing can be done according to a shopper’s measurements at no extra charge, if fabric is available — the website notes. …

“Deadstock-sourced pieces are also popular among clothing subscription services, where subscribers receive a selection of clothes every month that can be kept or returned. This reduces the risk of disappointing customers if a popular item runs out quickly. …

“ ‘We say, you know, there might be a little color discrepancy between the products — and most of the boutiques love that actually,’ Mummery said. ‘Because when there’s a dress on the railing and two slightly different colors, they have a story to tell, even in the store.’ “

More at The World, here.

A Gathering of Photos

Photos: Suzanne’s Mom.

After an unexpected visit from mushroom hunters in September, I’ve started paying attention to what pops up after rain. It’s not that I want to eat wild mushrooms, but I would like to know something about them. Their names for example. I do know the one above. It used to be called Indian pipe, but nowadays, it’s called Ghost pipe, a name that works for me. [Late note: See naturalist Kim Gaffett’s helpful corrections in the comments below.]

Just from noticing a little more, I’ve realized that the round yellow ones with the white dots flatten out after a few days. I haven’t decided if I want to pay for the mushroom-identifier app, so if you’re a micologist, maybe you could tell me the little guy’s name.

From my walks in Massachusetts: there’s a black squirrel who lives along the bike path, unusual around here. Kathleen’s garden box features a gigantic aster practically dancing with buzzing pollinators. Pat’s garden box has late-blooming dahlias. The milkweed announces fall.

From my walks in Rhode Island: New Shoreham’s West Side beaches are quiet in the evening. One view shows the goldenrod that covers the island at this time of year. The tiny frog is, I think, a peeper, normally seen in spring. The shark on the rock celebrates a big anniversary for a famous movie that gave white sharks a bad name. The cloud photo shows the sea at its most benign. The one after that shows its dark side, a tombstone for fishermen whose bodies will never be found.

From where I live now: artwork that includes a metal fish by Cassie Doyon and Muppet-like shapes by Joan Mullen. Finally, an early morning view of the Sudbury River from our fitness center.

Photo: Gianmarco Di Costanzo.
Lek Chailert devoted her life to rescuing abused elephants. Now caring for 120 of them, she fears for their future in Asia.

The stylist at my salon sometimes talks about her love for elephants. She’s the one who opened my eyes to what elephants and other animals suffer from captivity. I had never thought much about it, assuming that zoos were good, helping children to learn about the wild and saving endangered animals from extinction. Those things may be true to some extent, but not always.

Today’s story is about a woman who set up a rescue operation for elephants in her homeland.

Patrick Greenfield writes at the Guardian, “Saengduean Lek Chailert was five years old when she saw an elephant for the first time. It was in chains, lumbering past her home in rural Thailand on its way to help loggers pull trees from the forest. Back then, she saw the giant mammals like everyone else – as animals that served humans. But that changed the day she heard a scream from the forest.

“Chailert was 16 when she heard the terrible noise. She scrambled through the trees until she found the source: a bull elephant scrabbling in the mud as it tried and failed to drag a log out of a ditch. Every failed attempt was met with punishment from the loggers and mahout, the elephant keeper. …

“ ‘The elephant looked at me and I felt the fear and anger. I felt helpless and confused. My heart hurt a lot,” says Chailert. …

“The incident changed the direction of Chailert’s life forever. She was from a poor family – there was no electricity or school in her village – but she vowed to do something for the animals she loved.

“Before a ban on logging in natural forests in Thailand in 1989, elephants were a key part of the industry. In the early 20th century, there were an estimated 100,000 elephants in Thailand. Thousands were worked to death or left with severe injuries. …

“After the ban, many elephants were used by the country’s rapidly growing tourism industry to give performances and rides. …

” ‘Camp owners were competing with each other for tourists,’ she says. ‘They would train their elephants to dance, ride a motorbike, play darts or hula hoop, walk on a rope or play a harmonica. This brought more suffering to elephants.’

“It took Chailert a few attempts to fulfill her dream of finding a way to care for Thailand’s elephants. In 1996, she sold everything she had and borrowed money to set up an elephant sanctuary. She paid $30,000 for four hectares (10 acres) of land to provide a home to nine elephants.

“She insisted that there would be no elephant rides or performances. Her family invested money to help but after disagreements over how to run the park, she left the project, taking the elephants with her.

“Then, Chailert got lucky. National Geographic was filming a documentary with the Hollywood star Meg Ryan about Thailand’s wild elephants, which were estimated to number 4,000 to 4,400 by 2023; Chailert and her newly released elephants featured in it.

“In the US, a Texas couple, Bert and Christine Von Roemer, saw the TV program and contacted Chailert, donating enough money to buy a 20-hectare parcel of land in the Mae Taeng district of northern Thailand, near Chiang Mai. In 2003, Elephant Nature Park was born.

‘Today, about 120 rescue elephants are at the park, which has grown to more than 1,000 hectares, home to a small fraction of the 3,900 or so domesticated elephants in the country. The sanctuary’s work has an enormous social media following on Instagram and Facebook.

“Elephants arrive from all over Thailand. …

” ‘Some arrive with huge mental issues. Some stand like a zombie; some are aggressive, they swing their head back and forth. When they arrive, we do not allow our staff to use any tools or do anything that might make them feel threatened. We are gentle. We have to give them our love to make them trust us. We have to be patient,’ she says.

“New arrivals are almost always put into quarantine and slowly introduced to the herd. Over time, they are accepted. When their ears start to flap and their tails start to whirl, the elephants are happy, says Chailert. …

“Today, the conservation scheme is funded by visitors and volunteers who pay to work on the project. But despite the success of the sanctuary, Chailert fears for the future of Asian elephants, which she believes are decreasing in Thailand, despite official figures showing a steady increase in the population.

“ ‘Throughout Asia, many people are starting to hate elephants. Human-wildlife conflict is a big problem. Many died from being shot and poisoned,’ she says.

“ ‘Many have lost their habitat and water sources so they have to go to golf clubs and rice fields – places that don’t belong to them. So, people get angry and make the elephant into a monster. The future will depend on the government policy to resolve this,’ she says.”

More at the Guardian, here. PS. The Guardian doesn’t have a paywall. Please consider donating to keep their journalism alive.

Photo: Hannah Goeke/Christian Science Monitor.
One of the National Braille Press’s braille machines operating in Boston’s Fenway neighborhood.

As I read today’s article about braille services losing funding, I am struck particularly by an activist’s comment on the importance to blind children of meeting other blind children in the braille libraries. I remember my own insensitivity to disability as a child. Children sense difference sand sometimes they are not kind. Being with others who share an issue like blindness would be huge.

But opportunities like that are now threatened — at both federal and state levels.

Hannah Goeke writes at the Christian Science Monitor, “Marci Carpenter reconnected with her love of reading through her fingertips. When her vision became more limited, learning braille gave her a new way to experience the world. She still remembers how the words of Robert Frost’s poems came alive again through soft bumps embossed on thick paper.

“But it was the Washington Talking Book & Braille Library in Seattle that gave her a place to connect.

“ ‘That was the first time I had ever experienced being around shelves and shelves of braille books. It was this really liberating experience,’ recalls Ms. Carpenter. Over the next five decades, she returned again and again to browse through the Major League Baseball schedule, check out the Constitution – and science fiction – and discover new volumes.

“Today, Ms. Carpenter, who now serves as president of the National Federation of the Blind of Washington, is facing a new urgent need.

“On July 1, the doors to the Washington Talking Book & Braille Library swung shut to the public for in-person exploration and gathering due to a lack of state funding. As needs increase and revenue growth slows, the state of Washington is facing a budget deficit. Ms. Carpenter, who was among those working with legislators to secure funding for libraries, came up empty-handed. …

“The Seattle library is one of nearly 100 libraries and outreach centers nationwide that form the network of the National Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled, which provides free braille and audio materials through the Library of Congress.

“A small staff is determined to keep the library running. Since July 1, it has offered services by appointment only. ‘We are getting about our normal number of calls,’ writes Danielle Miller, the library’s director, in an email. ‘We have had to turn away people who wanted to come in and use the library.’ …

“Patrons say they are most saddened by that loss. Through in-person workshops and programming, the library provides a sense of belonging and community. Preserving free access to braille materials and encouraging braille literacy – especially for children – is imperative, according to experts and educators. …

“The vast majority of the 26% of employed blind people are braille readers, according to the National Braille Press in Boston. However, despite reading’s link to higher education and employment in the United States, only 12% of school-age blind children in the U.S. can read braille, the NBP estimates.

“While tape recorders and synthesized speech are useful tools, they do not teach the ability to read, write, and spell, says Kim Charlson, the executive director of the Perkins Library in Watertown, Massachusetts. …

“Braille opens the door to independence, not only on a large scale but also in small ways. What is habitual to sighted people becomes a significant hindrance for blind people, says Ms. Charlson. For example, being able to jot down a telephone number, take a note, or create labels to find the warranty for your new stove.

“Ms. Charlson shares a lesson she learned about the everyday importance of using braille after adding an unconventional ingredient to her chili recipe.

“ ‘I just opened it and tossed it in. I added my tomato sauce,’ she says with a laugh. ‘My husband [who is also blind] took a bite and he said, “This is kind of interesting.” And I said, “What do you mean? It’s chili.” And he goes, “Well, it’s got fruit cocktail in it.” ‘ Ms. Charlson now adds braille labels to her kitchen jars and cans.

“While funding uncertainty has braille libraries on edge, at the National Braille Press, President Brian Mac Donald says the demand for braille books remains high. He expects that to continue. …

“Says Mr. Mac Donald, ‘We have parents that have written testimonials saying, “I wish you could have seen the excitement of my son when he read his first book with us … in braille.” ‘

“On a recent weekday, the NBP presses are humming, business as usual, in a brownstone building in Boston’s Fenway neighborhood. In the basement, Elizabeth Bouvier binds books together with practiced precision as the rhythmic clatter of machines pressing dots into thick paper echoes off concrete walls.

“Ms. Bouvier is blind. So are many of her colleagues at the NBP, where a small staff produces millions of braille pages each year, including children’s books.

“The closure of the Seattle library means the shuttering of its children’s room. It also means the end of introductory braille workshops and story times with children’s books featuring braille pages added that allow blind and sighted kids to read together. …

“Like many, Ms. Carpenter was the only blind child in her public school. The closing of the children’s room ‘is a loss of community,’ she says. ‘It is important for blind children to meet other blind children.’

“Ms. Miller’s and Ms. Carpenter’s inboxes have been flooded with inquiries about how people can help. Ms. Carpenter is telling them to wait for the right moment. When funding talks for the next state budget cycle start in 2026, she has no doubt that the blind community will turn up in big numbers to explain why access to the library’s services is essential to them.

“ ‘You know the most impactful action people have is their story,’ she says. ‘Anyone can request to speak with a legislator.’ ”

More at the Monitor, here.

Art: Richard Estes.
From the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid, a glimpse of the old days.

Some of us appreciate the old-style telephone booth, its relative privacy, and the way you could still make a call if your mobile was out of juice.

Julian Ring reports at National Public Radio (NPR) that for folks in Vermont, where mountain vistas are jealously protected and limited cell towers don’t always reach, pay phones can be important with or without booths. A local electrical engineer wanted to do something about that.

“Patrick Schlott often finds himself in a cellular dead zone during his drive to work,” writes Ring.

” ‘You go down the road, you turn the corner and you’re behind a mountain and you’ll lose cell coverage pretty fast,’ he says.

“The 31-year-old electrical engineer says poor reception is a common frustration for residents of Vermont’s Orange County. To address this issue, he’s providing his community with a new way to stay connected.

“Schlott has taken old pay phones, modified them to make free calls, and set them up in three different towns across the county. … With just an internet connection, these phones can make calls anywhere in the U.S. or Canada — no coins required. And Schlott covers all the operating costs himself.

” ‘It’s cheap enough where I’m happy just footing the bill,’ he says. ‘You know, if I’m spending $20 a month on, say, Netflix, I could do that and provide phone service for the community. And to me, that’s way more fun.’

“Since Schlott installed the first phone in March last year outside a general store in the town of Tunbridge, Vt., hundreds of calls have been made.

” ‘I knew there would be some fringe cases where it would be really helpful,’ he says. ‘But I never expected it to get daily use and for people to be this excited about it.’

“He says the phones have come in handy for drivers whose cars have broken down nearby. And at a public library in Thetford Center — the most used installation by far — kids have been able to call their parents for rides home or simply to check in.

In June, Vermont voted to ban cellphones in schools beginning in the 2026-2027 academic year. Schlott says public telephones will soon be more essential for students in the area. …

“Schlott has received some donations to help sustain his project. But he says his one-man funding model may need to adapt if the initiative continues to grow.

” ‘One of the cornerstones that I want to stick to is, no matter what happens on the backend, the calls will always be free,’ he says. ‘And I will figure out a way to make that happen.’ “

Meanwhile in New York City, reporter Rachel Treisman says that “New York City pay phones are officially a thing of history. The last public pay phone was removed from the streets of midtown Manhattan [in May], and is heading straight to an exhibit in a local museum.

“It’s the final chapter in a saga that’s been unfolding since 2015, when the city started uprooting phone booths and replacing them with LinkNYC kiosks, which offer free public Wi-Fi, charging ports, 911 buttons and screens with maps and other services (they also generate revenue for the city).”

There may be no workable pay phones in New York now, but I know that film and ad companies will always have need for a phone booth that looks like it works. There is one on the corner of my late sister’s apartment building that is frequently in demand. I believe it was used in Matrix.

The two pay phone stories are at NPR, here, and here. See also the research by “Mark Thomas, who has spent decades tracking the ‘world of public telephony’ through his website, The Payphone Project.”

Playing Golf with Llamas

Photo: Jim Davis for the Globe.
Globe reporter Matt Porter played three holes with llamas Yowie (left) and Elmer (right) at the Mountain View Grand Resort & Spa. For $150 plus green fee, you can have a llama or two join your group.

Here’s a new angle on an old sport: golf with llamas. Not sure this would work for a serious golfer, but it makes a change.

Matt Porter went to New Hampshire to report the story for the Boston Globe.

“Lloyd Van Horn, a general manager, felt business could use a boost. So he decided to promote a few prospects who were down on the farm. Finnegan, his scouting staff told him, should be the first rookie up. Teammates Elmer and Yowie also were ready for a new challenge. Word was all three had shown well on the back fields.

“And yet the call-up was a tough adjustment. Finnegan reached the big club and tried on his equipment. It fit perfectly, but he felt awkward, for he had never played the sport. Same with the other two. None had any clue what they were doing.

“The staff pressed on. After a few training sessions, Finnegan, Elmer, and Yowie became more than just llamas. They were llama caddies.

“[Van Horn] may be on to something with the newest promotion at his Mountain View Grand Resort and Spa. For $150 plus green fee, you can remove all the seriousness from your round by having a llama or two join your group. …

“Llamas cannot swing a club, so they can’t play with you. They don’t speak — they’ll grunt, bray, or cry — so they offer no course knowledge. But they are pack animals, American descendants of those who hauled gear and people through the Andes, so toting clubs is no sweat.

“In theory, they make for fine caddies. As long as you tip them well. And by tip, I mean offer several handfuls of alfalfa pellets. That was how Elmer and Yowie took a liking to me before I played a rain-soaked few holes with them in late July. …

“I had Elmer on the bag, while Yowie, his bonded mate, trotted alongside us. I chose six clubs for the three holes, Nos. 7, 8, and 9, and carefully slid them into Elmer’s custom leather saddle. After a few neck rubs — not the head, advised farm manager Henry Bogdanowicz — of Elmer’s soft, summer-cut fur, and some one-sided chit-chat, they were ready to watch us tee off.

“Golf, by its nature, encourages a long, lazy look at the world. I’m all for that. Whether playing the game or reporting on it in the last two decades, I have gazed upon many animals while hitting one good shot out of every few that I take.

“In South Florida, I saw iguanas and geckos, plentiful there as are squirrels and chipmunks here, skittering in the scorching heat. I have locked eyes with alligators, and let them break the stare. …

“In New England, these clubs of mine have chunked a deep divot or two, but if the post-swing view is a hawk circling over a hillside, or a heron gliding low over the marsh, I’m all the happier.

“Up here in the Presidential Range, course superintendent Kalen Whitney said llamas are welcome to walk his course. They will nibble on the fringes, but unlike goats, they won’t tear grass from the roots. They have soft toes, so they won’t damage the fairways. Those large, gorgeous eyes can look in two directions at once, which could help a hacker like me track my wayward flights.

“Whitney is happy to deal with them instead of porcupines and raccoons, and groundhogs that make him consider reaching for [explosives]. Last year, a moose made a mess of one of the Mountain View Grand’s postage-stamp greens. … A mama bear and her cubs crossed the property a few weeks ago, and were no doubt given the same respect you would gators in any number. …

“The umbrella I carried to the first tee was perceived by Elmer to be a threat. I decided I’d rather be wet than test our friendship. When he sat down on the job, I didn’t mention it.

“Try chatting up a llama caddie and you might be answered with a ‘HAWWWW???’ … If seriously offended, ‘they can scream,’ Bogdanowicz noted. …

“Happily, most of what was heard that day in the mountains was the chirping of the birdies. Before we called it a washout, I played pretty well. Must have been the companionship of the llama.”

More at the Globe, here.

Mysterious Starfish Dieoff

Photo: Bennett Whitnell / Hakai Institute.
Sunflower stars and vase tunicates grow on the sea floor of Rivers Inlet, British Columbia, in 2023.

There have always been voters who care more about knocking a few cents off the gas they put in their SUVs than researching what’s going on with some small creature in the natural world.

But many of us do care about the natural world and believe that a dieoff in any one area can have repercussions for humanity. Everything is connected.

John Ryan reports at OPB (Oregon Public Broadcasting) about how scientists worked to “crack the case” of melting sea stars.

He writes, “Researchers in Washington and British Columbia say they have solved a deadly mystery that has stumped scientists for more than a decade. They have identified the pathogen behind one of the world’s biggest disease outbreaks: a wasting disease that has turned billions of sea stars into goo – from Alaska to California.

“A mass dieoff of ocean-shaking proportions began among sea stars along North America’s West Coast in 2013. Of 20 species affected, the pizza-sized sunflower star was hardest hit. More than 5 billion sunflower stars, or 90% of their global population, wasted away.

“With key predators of sea urchins largely wiped out, the spiny little grazers proliferated and chewed their way through kelp forests, leading to widespread losses of that productive ocean habitat.

“For 12 years, the cause of the wasting disease was either unknown or, mistakenly, thought to be a virus. Instead, the new study says, it is a strain of bacteria known as Vibrio pectenicida. Other Vibrio bacteria sicken corals and shellfish. One species, Vibrio cholera, causes cholera in humans.

“ ‘It is not surprising that it is a Vibrio,’ said biologist Alyssa-Lois Gehman of British Columbia’s Hakai Institute. ‘It was surprising because it took us so long to find out that it was a Vibrio.’

“Gehman and her coauthors are not the first scientists to claim to have found the culprit behind the worst underwater wildlife pandemic on record. …

“Gehman said the new study, published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution, avoids a key oversight of the earlier work by focusing on the sea stars’ blood-like internal fluid and not just its external tissues, where many other microbes live. …

“Gehman’s research team not only found much more Vibrio pectenicida in sick stars than in healthy ones. They were able to isolate the Vibrio, grow it in the lab, and give the wasting disease to healthy sunflower stars by injecting them with the Vibrio, steps the earlier researchers had not achieved. …

“The current study grew out of four summers of experiments at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Marrowstone Marine Field Station, a beachfront facility on Marrowstone Island, near Port Townsend, Washington. Avoiding microbial contamination was a top priority.

“ ‘There’s a lot of ethanol and bleach and betadine,’ Gehman said. …

“Researchers stepped in foot baths when entering and leaving the facility. Each sunflower star, after enduring a two-week quarantine, lived in its own tank with its own supply of sand-filtered, ultraviolet-treated seawater. Researchers avoided touching the stars, even with gloves on.

“In January 2024, after analyzing the previous summer’s data, the researchers found large amounts of Vibrio pectenicida in sick sunflower stars and hardly any in healthy stars. …

“Sunflower stars have become so rare that taking any from the wild is both difficult and potentially harmful to the species.

“ ‘We ran at sort of the bare minimum necessary to get robust and strong evidence,’ Gehman said.”

Continued research is under threat. The administration in DC proposes to cut the key U.S. Geological Survey budget 38% in 2026 and eliminate its biological research arm, which environmental advocates call “the backbone of environmental and ecological monitoring.”

More at OPB, here.