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Photo: Ogar Monday.
Two students sit outside an experimental Nigerian school’s computer lab, donated by the Irish Embassy.

Today’s article is about an educational experiment in Africa that makes it possible for the “poorest of the poor” to get an education. The experiment is focused on keeping payments low and teaching kids to become “problem solvers.”

Ogar Monday writes at the Christian Science Monitor, “Groups of students, deep in discussion, are huddled under a large schoolyard canopy on a sweltering morning. Flanked by two teachers, Kingsley Bangwell strolls among the students. He stops beside one group and asks, What problem are you solving?’

“Two students rise. Faridat Bakare, a girl with paper in hand, responds. ‘Our work is on the lack of proper business strategy among female-owned small businesses in Kuje,’ she says.

“She explains that many women in that Nigerian city unintentionally limit the growth of businesses they start by overlooking the four P’s of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion. The students’ solution is to start a mentorship cycle connecting established businesswomen with local budding entrepreneurs. Mr. Bangwell nods his approval and moves on to another group.

“Mr. Bangwell is a co-founder of the Knowledge, Solutions, Skills, and Kreativity (Knosk) school in Kuje, on the outskirts of Nigeria’s capital, Abuja. For 100 naira (6 cents) a day, the school provides six years of learning for students who would otherwise be unable to afford it.

“The exercise that Mr. Bangwell is observing is part of a solutions ‘hackathon.’ Over four days, students engage with small-business owners in their communities to identify real-world challenges and develop solutions.

“ ‘The goal is to help them think critically and work collaboratively,’ Mr. Bangwell says. Winning teams receive prizes, but the biggest takeaway, he insists, is that the students realize ‘they, too, can provide answers to questions around them.’

“In 2018, while she was at a hospital in Abuja, Irene Bangwell overheard a cleaner talking about her teenage daughter, who had dropped out of school to work alongside her. The cleaner explained that she couldn’t afford the $19-per-term school fees for the girl. She believed that it was better for her daughter to work and save money than to attend an underfunded public school with little promise of quality education.

“Mrs. Bangwell, who had spent years working with young people, understood the mother’s concerns. Although public schools in Nigeria are mostly free, they are chronically underfunded, which has led to crumbling infrastructure, teacher shortages, and frequent strikes. Private schools provide better alternatives, but with nearly 39% of Nigerians living below the poverty line, many families find such schools out of their reach.

“Mrs. Bangwell shared the cleaner’s story with her husband, who has a background in youth development. They started Knosk in September 2019 after reaching out to community leaders, churches, mosques, and public primary schools, asking them to refer students who couldn’t afford secondary education. …

“Parents contribute $4 per term.

“ ‘We cater to the poorest of the poor,’ Mrs. Bangwell says. ‘If we don’t take the child in, they have no other chance at an education.’

“The school provides a curriculum that integrates computer and vocational skills, daily lunch, menstrual supplies for female students, and a boarding facility for a few students. …

“Victoria Simon, one of Knosk’s pioneer students, was 6 months old when she lost her father. By age 9, she had also lost her mother, leaving her in the care of her older sister. After Victoria completed primary school in 2018, her family had no means to send her for further education.

“ ‘We were ready to give up when my sister heard about Knosk,’ Victoria recalls.

“The school sounded too good to be true. But two weeks later, Victoria took Knosk’s entrance exam and wrote a 300-word essay about her aspirations. ‘I wrote about creating a free six-month training program for women and giving them tools to start their businesses,’ she says. …

“For some families, even the small fees that Knosk charges are a struggle. And according to Mrs. Bangwell, those fees are not enough to sustain the school. ‘Between paying teachers, uniforms, feeding the kids, and providing learning materials, we need more support,’ she says. Yet no child is ever turned away for unpaid fees.

“The school, which started with 30 students and now has 170, relies heavily on what it calls ‘education angels.’ These are individuals and organizations that sponsor students, for $156 per year.

“Knosk’s impact hasn’t gone unnoticed. ‘The quality of teaching and learning there is comparable to any private school in this area,’ says Daudu Shedrach, an education inspector with the Federal Capital Development Authority. …

“At Knosk, every student is called ‘solver,’ a title that reflects expectations. ‘A solver sees problems and takes action,’ Mrs. Bangwell explains. ‘We build their capacity to see beyond their challenges and to think like contributors to society, not victims.’

“For solvers like Mustapha Ibrahim, who joined Knosk in 2019 after losing his father two years earlier, the title has become a compass for how he approaches life. ‘There is no problem that I cannot solve,’ he says. ‘I just have to think hard about it.’

“Mustapha recalls how he once struggled with self-doubt and anger, believing that his life had ended when his father died. … Today, Mustapha dreams of becoming an aeronautical engineer. ‘I’m always fascinated by how airplanes stay in the sky despite their weight,’ he says.

“He also hopes to give back to the school that changed his life.

“ ‘I want to make it,’ he says, ‘and then come back to help other kids like me. Because I honestly don’t know who I would have become without this place.’ ”

More at the Monitor, here. No firewall. Subscriptions are reasonable.

Photo: Fitzcarraldo Editions.
Three publishing companies have launched the biennial Poetry in Translation prize, which will award an advance of $5,000 to be shared equally between poet and translator.

Anyone who has used Google Translate for a simple sentence knows that AI is not going to be doing quality translations of whole books anytime soon. There is too much subtlety needed.

And if that’s true for, say, a murder mystery, imagine how important a human translator is for poetry!

That’s why a new prize for poetry translation from publishers in the UK, Australia, and the US is arriving just in time — before the world gets lulled into thinking an AI translation is just fine.

Ella Creamer reports at the Guardian, “A new poetry prize for collections translated into English is opening for entries. …

“Publishers Fitzcarraldo Editions, Giramondo Publishing and New Directions have launched the biennial Poetry in Translation prize, which will award an advance of $5,000 (£3,700) to be shared equally between poet and translator.

“The winning collection will be published in the UK and Ireland by Fitzcarraldo Editions, in Australia and New Zealand by Giramondo and in North America by New Directions.

“ ‘We wanted to open our doors to new poetry in translation to give space and gain exposure to poetries we may not be aware of,’ said Fitzcarraldo poetry editor Rachael Allen. …

“The prize announcement comes amid a sales boom in translated fiction in the UK. Joely Day, Allen’s co-editor at Fitzcarraldo, believes that ‘the space the work of translators has opened up in the reading lives of English speakers through the success of fiction in translation will also extend to poetry.’ …

“Fitzcarraldo has published translated works by Nobel prize winners Olga Tokarczuk, Jon Fosse and Annie Ernaux. ‘Our prose lists have always maintained a roughly equitable balance between English-language and translation, and some of our greatest successes have been books in translation,’ said Day. ‘We’d like to bring the same diversity of voices to our poetry publishing.’ …

“The prize is open to living poets from around the world, writing in any language other than English.

“The prize is being launched to find works ‘which are formally innovative, which feel new, which have a strong and distinctive voice, which surprise and energize and move us,’ said Day. ‘My personal hope is that the prize reaches fledgling or aspiring translators and provides an opening for them.’ …

“Submissions will be open from 15 July to 15 August. A shortlist will be announced later this year, with the winner announced in January 2026 and publication of the winning collection scheduled for 2027.

“The ‘unique’ award ‘brings poetry from around the world into English, and foregrounds the essential role of translation in our literature,’ said Nick Tapper, associate publisher at Giramondo. ‘Its global outlook will bring new readers to poets whose work deserves wide and sustained attention.’ ”

More at the Guardian, here. I hope a certain blogger who translates Vietnamese poetry into English will apply for that prize.

Photo: Seabound.
Seabound co-founders are chief executive Alisha Fredriksson (left) and chief technology officer Rojia Wen. Seabound’s carbon-capture prototype sailed for two months on a midsize container ship. 

Today’s story is about two women in the male-dominated shipping industry and their work on what might be a stepping stone to sustainability. The challenge is that the process to create their carbon-absorbing pellets also involves carbon release.

Emma Bryce writes at the Guardian, “An industrial park alongside the River Lea in the London suburb of Chingford might not be the most obvious place for a quiet revolution to be taking place. But there, a team of entrepreneurs is tinkering with a modest looking steel container that could hold a solution to one of the world’s dirtiest industries.

“Inside it are thousands of cherry-sized pellets made from quicklime. At one end, a diesel generator pipes fumes through the lime, which soaks up the carbon, triggering a chemical reaction that transforms it into limestone.

“With this invention, Seabound, the company behind it, hopes to capture large amounts of carbon directly from the decks of cargo ships, and help clean up this strikingly polluting industry. …

“Behind all this is Alisha Fredriksson, a young entrepreneur who once dreamed of being a doctor but reached a turning point in her career after reading a report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that detailed the global implications of 2.7 F degrees versus 3.6 F degrees of warming.

“ ‘That’s when I realized that everyone around the world will be affected by the climate crisis, and so if I cared about large-scale social impact, the best thing I could do would be to help tackle it,’ says 30-year-old Fredriksson, chief executive of Seabound. …

“Trials have shown that her invention can scrub most of the carbon from the ship exhaust, filtered through its lime-pebbled interior. Ultimately, the goal is to have this device strapped to ships across the world’s oceans, she says. …

“She and her co-founder, Roujia Wen, hit on the idea of scaling down the existing quicklime-based carbon-capture technology typically employed at industrial plants. They then made a prototype, and attracted about $4m in funding from investors. Some of this came from shipping companies. ‘It all happened really quickly. Suddenly we had money, and we had to go build it,’ says Fredriksson. …

“Since then, successive prototypes of the Seabound container have taken her from the company’s test-bed in east London, to … a three-week voyage to test its efficiency. This showed that a Seabound unit can capture 78% of all the carbon from the exhaust that is pumped through it, and 90% of the sulphur, a toxic air pollutant.

“The latest prototype is being built to the dimensions of a standard 20ft shipping container, so that it can seamlessly slot in with cargoes on deck, Fredriksson says. … Once in port, the limestone-filled units can be substituted for containers of fresh quicklime. This product is made by heating limestone to high temperatures in kilns, an energy-intensive process that also releases CO2 from the limestone, making production extremely carbon-intensive.

“Companies are trying to make quicklime using kilns heated with renewable energy, or developing methods to capture the released CO2 so that it doesn’t enter the atmosphere. Seabound is working to source this ‘green’ quicklime, Fredriksson says. …

“Some critics are concerned that decarbonizing technologies could distract from solutions, such as zero-emission ammonia fuel or wind-powered innovations, that are essential to push the shipping industry to net zero.

“ ‘The potential for short-term use of carbon-capture retrofits on existing vessels should not become a justification to extend the lifespan of fossil fuels or delay the shift to truly sustainable alternatives,’ says Blánaid Sheeran, climate diplomacy policy officer at Opportunity Green, a nonprofit organization focused on gaps in global climate policy.

“But Fredriksson believes Seabound’s technology could support this transition. In April, at a meeting of the International Maritime Organization, UN member states agreed to a landmark deal that will start charging ships for every ton of emissions above a threshold. That threshold will gradually decrease to push the industry towards green fuels.

“Seabound slots into this new regulatory landscape, according to Fredriksson, by enabling ships to decarbonize their fuels, thereby lowering their emissions, and gradually adjust to the rules by adding more containers over time. …

“Fredriksson says [Seabound’s] offering is cost-effective and she has already had a commitment from one company to fit the first full-scale containers on to its ships this year.”

More at the Guardian, here. No firewall. Donations sought.

Small Town Ways

Photo: Suzanne and John’s Mom.
Island people need transportation on the mainland. Some folks leave a car in the state parking lot near the boat. A mainland-based van allows school teams to compete with other towns and allows other islanders to go on outings.

I went on a theater junket with the New Shoreham senior citizens on a sweltering day mid-July. It was a lot of fun — and also an education in how small towns often manage daily challenges.

Of course, New Shoreham is not a small town in mid-July. The year-rounder number that the Ground Hog Day census captures — about 1,000 — can swell to 20,000 in the summer. Such are the ways of resort towns, islands or not.

But there are a couple aspects of small-town life that you can see anytime of year, like the ability to adapt. On that theater trip I was impressed with how people handled the transportation. And I’m always amazed at the island’s Bulletin Board, a Google Group that can find almost anything you need.

I’ll start with the transportation. The state provided a beautiful van that hangs out in a mainland parking lot near the boat. It has no paid driver. If it’s a question of going to a school sports event or an activity organized by the recreation department, the director of the department will drive.

Otherwise, maybe one of the many island taxi drivers will volunteer. There was one in our theater group, and her license for carrying passengers in a taxi qualified her for the van, too.

We all piled in, and she started the engine.

Then she called to the back of the bus, “Looks like we’re almost out of gas.”

Advice about the closest gas stations flowed from all the seniors. One offered to pay. Another called the recreation director, who told her, “Just fill it with as much as you need.” The driver made a reasonable guess at how much that might be, and off we went for a great afternoon at the theater.

On the way back, a passenger said she’d just got a text that her husband’s glasses had come in at the eyeglass store and asked if we could pick it up at the shopping mall. Everyone agreed we would still have plenty of time to catch the boat. So the van bounced over a few curbs and pulled up at the shop.

I loved how adaptive people were. They know that sometimes it’s their own request that others are willing to fill.

It’s the same with the Bulletin Board, an initiative that my neighbor and two other women came up with some years ago.

The women approve (or disapprove) posts all day from wherever they are in the world. The messages may be offers of free household items, ways to sign up for outings, the town council agenda, an electricity-disruption alert, or where to get oysters.

But most posts are quite idiosyncratic, and you’d be amazed how often those requests are met. Especially amazing to me is that people with a car that they leave in the mainland lot are so often willing to lend their car to someone else. Here goes.

“Just reaching out to ask if anyone may have a slide projector (for those of you who remember what they are!) for my family to use through Sunday afternoon.”

“Hi my Yamaha 9.9 engine on my dinghy keeps stalling every time we put it into gear is there anyone on the island that can work on it?”

“My son’s friend lost a navy blue Nike Elite backpack with Nike Kobe Grinches (red with green laces) size 5/5.5 as well as size 7 pink Lamello shoes a couple of days ago. Please call or text if you see any of these items.”

“I am looking to borrow someone’s mainland car from Sunday night until Monday last boat. I will be going to my apartment in Providence with fenced-in parking area and maybe to Trader Joe’s. I am a super safe driver who has never gotten in any accidents.” 

“Is anyone going thru Westerly that could pick up a package at 35 Broad St for my niece and either drop off at airport or bring on the boat for me – it’s a supplement so doesn’t take up much space.”

“Amazon sent me 4mg Nicorette quit-smoking gum by mistake. I can’t use them and Amazon doesn’t want them back. If you want them, please text …”

“We have friends visiting and their dog could use a vet visit for an infection. Before they head off Island I thought I’d check here.”

“Can someone please contact Hugo M to let him know the Post Office has his DHL package? I can’t remember who posted the inquiry for him.”

“I have this bird and it seems to be injured not able to fly any distance. Attached is a photo of the bird. I would love any help on what to do!”

“I’m looking for someone who is taking the ferry sometime today who doesn’t mind sitting with my 8.5 daughter? Grandparents will be waiting for her on the other side!”

“I am making my granddaughter a Peter Rabbit birthday cake and was wondering if anyone had 1-4 very small or small carrots with the greens on them that I could have or purchase?”

“Can anyone provide a contact telephone number for R— the electrician?”

“Does anyone have a large amount of black lace or similar material that I could buy from you or borrow for the day next Monday (8/4)? Will be used in costuming but will not be altered.”

“Posting for a friend who needs to get a car key to east Providence asap. Looking for a ride, to borrow a car, or the car key to be dropped off in East Providence.”

“Anyone want a August 1939 National Geographic? decent condition with some separation of cover . articles about Iowa and midwest, Australia.”

​​”Does anyone have a car I can borrow for this Saturday please? Only going to be in Wakefield. [A later post says] All set with car.”

“I know this is a huge favor to ask. Looking for a car Friday-Saturday. Trying to get to NYC for the night and train tickets are insane. I’ll fill w gas, wash, wax on wax off. Anything!”

“Is this your dog? I’m a dog lover but this dog has peed on every plant I own.”

Bronze Menagerie

Photo: Navy Yard Garden & Art, Inc.
Gillie and Marc’s “The Wild Table of Love,” part of their “Wildlife Wonders” collection.

There’s a new outdoor art exhibit in Boston that seems like it might be worth a special trip. It entails impressive bronze sculptures of animals from rhinos to octopuses. In its way, it conveys messages about conservation and human coexistence.

Solon Kelleher reports at WBUR, “There’s a new 36-foot-long octopus on display in Boston as of this week. It’s made of bronze and weighs nearly 8 tons.

“You’ll find the massive octopus on Dry Dock 2 at the Charlestown Naval Shipyard, as if it climbed out of the water by the USS Constitution Museum to meet a few land animal friends. A different wild animal sits on each of its hefty tentacles. … The piece is called ‘The Arms of Friendship.’

“It’s one of three fantastical wildlife sculptures installed in Charlestown, on view for the next two years. The name of the collection is ‘Wildlife Wonders’ by activists and artists Gillie and Marc, a duo known for public art displays of animals around the globe. This particular installation is organized by the Boston nonprofit Navy Yard Garden & Art, Inc.

“  ‘The term that we gave is a “Bridge of Joy” to connect Charlestown — which is divided by the Tobin Bridge,’ said Robin DiGiammarino, president of Navy Yard Garden & Art. …

“There’s another statue a short walk down 5th Street underneath the Tobin Bridge. That one is called ‘The Wild Table of Love,’ and it features about a dozen wild animals sitting at a table together as if to share a meal. Two empty chairs function as an invitation for passersby to pose with the sculptures. The third is located closer to the water in the Charlestown Naval Shipyard Park. It portrays a figure with the head of a rabbit and the body of a human attempting to get a hippo to try something new. That work is aptly named ‘The Hippo Was Hungry to Try New Things with Rabbitwoman.’

“DiGiammarino said the group collaborated with the Charlestown Coalition and several of its partner organizations — including Turn it Around, Charlestown Trauma Team, Institute of Health Professions, Harvard-Kent Elementary School and the National Parks Service — to review proposals of four different art installations. “’The one that had the most votes was Gillie and Marc,’ said DiGiammarino. …

“Although the scenes are out of this world, DiGiammarino imagines the ways visitors can see themselves in these statues. ‘ There are different animals sitting at the table with all different food in front of them, and those animals in the wild would not get along,’ she said. ‘But here they are having a meal together.’ …

“Navy Yard Garden & Art plans to announce events and curated offerings around these statues, including an augmented reality workshop with local tech company Hoverlay and a photo contest with a grand prize of a Gillie and Marc mini octopus statue.” More at WBUR, here.

Other amazing photos are here. And the artists’ website, here, has additional pictures and background information.

It reads in part, “British and Australian artists, Gillie and Marc … are redefining what public art should be, spreading messages of love, equality, and conservation around the world. …

“The artists are best known for their beloved characters, Rabbitwoman and Dogman, who tell the autobiographical tale of two opposites coming together to become best friends and soul mates. As unlikely animal kingdom companions, the Rabbit and the Dog stand for diversity and acceptance through love. Gillie and Marc believe art is a powerful platform for change. Their art is multi-disciplinary, paying homage to the importance of togetherness, as well as the magnificence of the natural world, and the necessity of preserving it. …

“Gillie grew up in Zambia and realized her love for art by sketching all the wonderful wildlife that surrounded her, falling in love with the captivating creatures with each drawing she created. Tragically, she saw an elephant brutally shot one day. This had a profound impact on her as a young child and from then on she vowed to dedicate her life and work to protecting Earth’s innocent animals. While in his twenties, Marc fell in love with conservation on a trip to Tanzania to see the chimpanzees. …

“Finding an extra special place within the hearts of the artists are rhinos. This love affair began during a project memorializing a black rhino and her calf who mysteriously died in a Zoo in Australia. The artists were heartbroken by this tragedy and wanted to create an artwork that would not only remember the rhinos but also raise awareness about conservation. This sparked a fire that led to the duo learning all they could about rhinos, trying to find a way to give a voice to the voiceless, and help people to understand the urgency for the conservation of these beautiful animals. …

“Their unique approach to contemporary conservation has generated unprecedented awareness and funds to protect some of the world’s most endangered animals. Most recently they unveiled ‘A Wild Life for Wildlife’ in NYC, featuring the world’s longest interactive wildlife tandem bicycle; ‘Love the Last March’ at Gardens by the Bay in Singapore, showcasing a 200-meter wildlife-saving sculpture; and ‘A Wild Life for Wildlife’ in London, featuring nine magnificent interactive sculptures displayed along the Thames in the heart of the city.”

Illustration: The Guardian.
Why did a province in Canada decide to provide universal childcare for only $7 a day? And how was it supposed to decrease the budget deficit?

When I read in June that Quebec was providing universal childcare for very little cost to families, all I thought was, How can they manage it?

Isabeau Doucet explains at the Guardian that the system actually pays for itself.

“When asked how much she pays for childcare, Leah Freeman chuckles and says she isn’t sure. ‘It’s like C$93 (about $67) every two weeks or something. I barely see it leaving my bank account,’ she said.

“To most parents in the US, where the average cost of childcare is $1,000 per month and can reach more than $2,000 a month in some states, the idea of paying so little sounds impossible. But it’s happening – north of the US border in Quebec, Canada, where Freeman’s three-year-old daughter, Grace, attends a subsidized early childhood education center (centres de la petite enfance, known by its acronym CPE), for C$9.35, or less than $7 a day.

“As soon as she found out that she was pregnant, Freeman, a social worker, placed her daughter on a handful of waiting lists through a government website. Now she can drop her daughter off for up to 10 hours a day, between 6am and 6pm, five days a week, all year round. In addition to childcare, Grace sees a speech therapist at the CPE. A daily menu of the home-cooked meals and snacks is posted at the building’s entrance every morning; meals are on a monthly rotation with seasonal changes and locally sourced produce when available.

“All this is possible because in 1997, Quebec lawmakers enacted a universal childcare program as part of an effort to give equal opportunities to all children – especially kids from low-income families – to get young mothers back to work and to increase the government’s tax revenue and eliminate the province’s budget deficit.

“The massively popular program has been a win for everyone involved: it offers high-quality early education to toddlers; good, unionized jobs to childcare workers; has helped close the gender pay gap; affords young families crucial support in the earliest years of their children’s lives and has been a financial boon to the government. It’s been so popular that now the model is being built up across the rest of Canada.

“Perhaps ironically, Quebec’s approach was partly inspired by the groundbreaking research into early childhood coming out of the US – that providing high-quality education early on was not just socially good but a smart economic investment.

“ ‘The best way to reduce social inequalities is to invest in small children very early in their lives,’ said Nathalie Bigras, a retired professor at Université du Québec à Montréal who spent her career researching Quebec’s childcare. …

“On the ground floor of a redbrick school that also houses an adult education center, Les Trottinettes (‘The Scooters) is a CPE that serves 26 kids from nine months to five years old. It’s part of a network of five CPEs in Verdun, a traditionally working-class, though rapidly gentrifying, neighborhood of Montreal.

“Asylum seekers who are single parents can enroll their children here while they take French language classes and continuing education courses upstairs.

“Across two big rooms with a maze of different play stations, children paint bright colors at small easels. There’s a water table, a sand box, wooden construction blocks, colorful bricks, a quiet reading nook and lots of well-loved, sturdy wooden furniture. …

“ ‘You can learn so much about a society by studying its approach to early childhood,’ said Stéphane Trudel, a trained sociologist and the general manager of Les Trottinettes. ‘We’re at the frontline of social inequalities, of gender inequalities, of cultural clashes.’ Yet he finds that very few anthropologists or journalists are interested in it. ‘It’s a blind spot,’ he said.

“Trudel credits research from the US as having influenced Quebec’s approach to early childhood education. American research spanning child welfare, psychological development, nutrition, education and economics was extensively cited in the 1991 report that led to Quebec’s new family policy. And even in terms of pedagogy, Les Trotinette’s curriculum, for instance, is based on HighScope, an approach started in Michigan designed to close the opportunity gap for low-income families.

“HighScope’s longitudinal study, conducted by the Nobel prize-winning economist James Heckman, found lasting intergenerational benefits to high-quality early childhood education, calculating an estimated C$12.90 return for every C$1 invested – from success in school, higher earning over decades, reduced crime and use of social assistance programs.

“The roots of Quebec’s childcare model go back decades, to the French-speaking province’s ‘Quiet Revolution’ in the 1960s, which booted the Catholic church out of state institutions and made them more secular and egalitarian. Marriage went out of fashion and rates plummeted, leading to dire poverty among children of single mothers.

Social movements, feminist activists, labor unions and single-parent family associations demanded new policies, such as parental leave and universal childcare, to address the new family structures. Later, in 1997, the secessionist Parti Québécois government enacted the new family policy as part of an effort to restructure the social safety net and eliminate the budget deficit.

“The crown jewel of this new policy was the creation of the centres de la petite enfance (CPE), an autonomous network of subsidized childcare centers, offering high-quality, low-cost care (C$5 at the time), with unionized staff and parent-led governance.

“ ‘It’s the parents who run the show,’ said Pauline Marois, the architect of Quebec’s family policy who was also Quebec’s first female premier, and is now chancellor of Université du Québec à Montréal. …

“Marois described the key ingredients for this public system’s success as investment into educational programs, universal access through low fees and high parental involvement – because no institution could protect children’s interests better than their parents. …

“It might seem like a public childcare network offering high-quality education, homemade meals and help for children with special needs for about C$10 a day would be expensive for taxpayers, but it actually generates a profit, said Pierre Fortin, an emeritus economist at Université de Quebec at Montreal.

“ ‘The system pays for itself – it brings women into the workplace and they pay taxes,’ said Fortin, a leading expert on the economics of subsidized childcare. ‘You get more money flowing into government coffers.’ This extra tax revenue actually exceeds what the government initially paid to establish the universal childcare system, he said. …

“Today, Quebec has among the highest female labor force participation rates in the world right next to Sweden, while the US lags more than 10% behind. In addition, the gender pay gap . …

“Measuring the causal impact of Quebec’s subsidized childcare on factors such as poverty and social assistance is an imprecise science, but Fortin points out that the number of single-parent families on social assistance in Quebec plummeted by more than 50% in the decade following the reform. Today, Fortin calculated exclusively for the Guardian, that Quebec has 75% fewer single-parent families on social assistance than it did in 1996.

“It’s also had a tremendous impact on childhood wellbeing. In 1996, child poverty rates across Canada were at an all-time high and children in Quebec were among the worst off. Today, it’s the opposite. …

“Fortin estimates that poverty in Quebec decreased by more than 60% in two decades, but points out that universal childcare wasn’t implemented in isolation, but alongside other important social policies, such as enhanced parental leave (now up to 55 weeks of paid leave), high rates of education and employment and pay equity legislation. …

“ ‘I’m convinced that the more women we have in politics, the more we’ll move towards public policies that promote gender equality and the fight against poverty,’ said Marois.”

Lots more at the Guardian, here. No paywall there, but please consider giving them a donation.

Photo: MinnPost.
Cynthia Tu of Sahan Journal is using Chat GPT to improve revenue streams.

A few times in the past, I’ve had reason to link to a story at Sahan Journal, a nonprofit newsroom serving immigrants and communities of color in Minnesota. Now NiemanLab, a website about journalism, links to an article on a surprising development at the small publisher.

Lev Gringauz, reporting at MinnPost via NiemanLab, writes “As journalists around the world experiment with artificial intelligence, many newsrooms have common, often audience-facing, ideas for what to try.

“They range from letting readers talk to chatbots trained on reporting, to turning written stories into audio, creating story summaries and, infamously, generating entire articles using AI — a use case vehemently rejected by many journalists.

“But Sahan Journal, the nonprofit newsroom serving immigrants and communities of color in Minnesota, wanted to try something different.

“ ‘We’re less enthusiastic, more skeptical, about using AI to generate editorial content,’ said Cynthia Tu, Sahan Journal’s data journalist and AI specialist.

“Instead, the outlet has been working on ways to support internal workflows with AI. Now, it’s even testing a custom ChatGPT bot to help pitch Sahan Journal to prospective advertisers and sponsors. …

“While AI has plenty of ethical and technical issues, Tu’s work highlights another important aspect: The intended users — in this case, the Sahan Journal team.

“ ‘A lot of … this experiment is less of a technical challenge,’ Tu said. ‘It’s more like, how do you make [AI] fit in the human system more flawlessly? And how do you train the human to use this tool in a way that it was intended?’

Sahan Journal’s AI experimentation, and Tu’s job, are supported by a partnership between the American Journalism Project, a national nonprofit helping local newsrooms, and ChatGPT creator OpenAI. …

Liam Andrew, technology lead for the AJP’s Project & AI Studio, sees part of his job as helping newsrooms overcome hesitancy around AI. …

“Tu joined Sahan Journal fresh from a Columbia Journalism School master’s program in data journalism. She had played a little with chatbots, but otherwise didn’t have much experience working with AI. …

“For one investigation, Tu used a Google AI tool to process the financial data of charter schools in Minnesota. Thinking about how to save time on backend workflows, Tu then helped Sahan Journal generate story summaries, tailored for Instagram carousels, with ChatGPT. …

“ ‘You need to know what the workflow of the organization looks like…[and how] you push for change within a department when they’ve already been doing [something] for the past five years using a manual or human labor way.’

“That knowledge came in handy when finally tackling Tu’s core AI project: improving Sahan Journal’s revenue.

“The project stemmed from an anonymized database of audience insights, which included demographic information and interests. While an important resource, Sahan Journal’s small revenue team didn’t have the time to figure out how to leverage it. …

” ‘What if AI could feed two birds with one scone? A custom ChatGPT bot could process the audience data and personalize a media kit for clients. But it needed to work without being an extra burden on the revenue staff. …

“The magic of AI chatbots like ChatGPT is that you don’t need to know how to code to use them. Just type in a prompt and get rolling. …

“Less magically, AI chatbots can be hard to keep in line for specific tasks. Designed to be eager helpers, they hallucinate false results and stubbornly twist instructions in an attempt to please.

“Troubleshooting those issues was no simple task for Tu.

“The custom revenue chatbot struggled to keep Tu’s preferred formatting, and hallucinated audience data. The bot would also intermix results from the internet that Tu had not asked for. None of that was ideal for a tool that should work reliably for the revenue team.

“ ‘I was kind of jumping through hoops and telling it multiple times, “Please do not reference anything else on the internet,” ‘ Tu said. …

“Working with chatbots is an exercise in prompt engineering — mostly a trial-and-error process of figuring out what specific instructions will get the preferred result. As Tu said, ‘lazy questions lead to lazy answers.’ … Eventually, Tu settled on a reliable set of prompts.

“The custom chatbot takes about 20 seconds to find relevant data from the audience database — for example, pulling up how much of Sahan Journal’s audience cares about public transportation. Then it creates a summary for a media kit tailored to potential clients.

“The chatbot also double-checks its work by referencing the database again, making sure its output matches reality. And part of the database is shown for users to manually see the chatbot isn’t hallucinating. …

“Earlier this year, Tu introduced the final version of the revenue bot to Sahan Journal’s team. …

“By mid-April, the Sahan Journal revenue team had used the custom chatbot on six sales pitches, with three successfully leading to ads placed on the site. …

“But there’s a larger question hanging over this work: Is it sustainable? In a way, newsroom experiments with AI exist in a bubble.

“ ‘Everything is kind of tied to a grant,’ Tu said, referencing the AJP-OpenAI partnership that supports her work. But grants come and go as donor interests (and financials) change.”

The other unknowns are weighed at NiemanLabs, here.

Photo: Oodihelsinki.
Veera the robot on patrol at $116 million Oodi library in Helsinki, Finland. Last year, the average Finn visited libraries nine times and borrowed 15 books.
Finns really love libraries.

Whenever I write about libraries, I think of blogger Laurie and the young adult fantasy series she wrote called the Great Library Series. Laurie is someone who appreciates the power of books, the magical power of reading.

Apparently the Finns do, too.

Oliver Moody reports at the Times [of London], “In the €100 million [~$115 million] Oodi library, which looms over central Helsinki like a cruise ship from the future, robots called Tatu, Patu and Veera trundle back and forth between the shelves and the reading rooms.

“Against this backdrop, foreign visitors might be surprised to see how many children and teenagers are engaged in an almost unsettlingly archaic activity: reading and borrowing books. …

“Last year the average Finn visited them nine times and borrowed 15 books, resulting in the highest lending figures for 20 years.

“The appetite for children’s and young adults’ literature has risen to a record for the third year in a row, with a total of 38 million loans in 2024. That works out at about 40 books or other pieces of material, such as audiobooks, for each person under the age of 18. …

“Even by the standards of a country that is often ranked as the most literate on the planet, the numbers are remarkable. In Britain, the total number of loans has fallen to less than half of what it was at the turn of the millennium, despite a tentative recovery in the wake of the pandemic, and about 40 libraries a year are closing.

“Visits to German public libraries are still about a fifth lower than they were before the advent of Covid-19 and about one in five of them has shut down over the past decade.

“The most obvious explanation for the phenomenon is that Finland values its libraries and invests accordingly. The state spends about €60 [~$70] per capita on the public library system each year, approximately four times as much as the UK and six times as much as Germany.

“Where other countries rely on corporate skyscrapers or shopping centers for their visions of architectural modernity, Finland often looks to its libraries, such as Oodi and Vallila in Helsinki, the main Metso library in Tampere, or the revered 20th-century designer Alvar Aalto’s projects in Rovaniemi and Seinajoki.

“They have traditionally served as engines of social mobility and integration. Erkki Sevanen, professor of literature at the University of Eastern Finland, grew up in a working-class family in Eura, a thinly populated district of villages 110 miles to the northwest of Helsinki.

“ ‘My parents and relatives did not used to read books, but there was a fine and well-equipped public library in our home village,’ he said. ‘It opened a whole world of classical literature and philosophy for me in the 1960s and 1970s.’

“Sevanen said the public libraries were a significant part of the reason he had ultimately pursued a university career, and that today they perform a similar function for immigrants to Finland. …

“The roots of this culture predate Finland’s independence in 1918. Like large parts of Scandinavia and continental northern Europe, it was profoundly influenced by Lutheran Protestantism and its insistence that each individual should engage with the texts of scripture for themselves.

“ ‘The ability to read was a requirement for everyone who wanted to get married. To demonstrate their reading skills, people were tested at church gatherings,’ said Ulla Richardson, professor of technology-enhanced language learning at the University of Jyvaskyla.

“The movement gathered steam in the 19th century, when Finland was a semi-autonomous duchy in the Russian empire and the new public libraries were focal points for an emerging sense of national identity.

“They remain important hubs for Finnish society, providing a space in which people can be alone and together at the same time. ‘Many Finns tend to consider libraries almost as sanctuaries,’ Richardson said.

“Alongside computers and internet access, they offer board games, video games, musical instruments, sewing machines, seasonal theatre passes and even sports equipment in some cases. These services are particularly valued by families with straitened financial means, who might not otherwise be able to afford school textbooks or other media.

“ ‘The libraries are spaces that children and teens can access freely, especially if they don’t have other places to go,’ said Richardson. ‘These days we also have self-service libraries open when there are no personnel working.’ ” More at the Times, here.

The point about libraries helping immigrants acclimate reminds me that when I was still volunteering onsite instead of online (before Covid), we would take classes of immigrants to the nearest public library in Providence and explain how to get a library card.

Photo: Shirin Jaafari/The World.
Moayyed al-Kharrat, whose family has been performing the Sema in Syria for decades, described the dance as a sort of prayer.

As recently as June, when radio show The World filed this story about whirling dervishes, hope seemed to be the main emotion in Syria. The brutal Assad regime was gone, and victorious rebels were promising diversity and justice. Today sectarian violence has erupted.

But I think there are still reasons for hope — and for diverse groups to flourish. Like the Sufis.

This post shares what Shirin Jaafari wrote about the famous Sufi dance and the performers’ hopes.

“In the heart of Damascus, a group of men and boys dressed in long, white robes and tall headpieces stood in a semicircle. Their chants filled the courtyard of a traditional Damascene house that was turned into a hotel. …

“As the melody built up momentum, several of the men and boys began to twirl, their white skirts flaring out like blooming flowers. The dancers’ synchronized rotations make them trance-like, seemingly detached from everything around them.

“The al-Kharrats say they are the only family in Syria who have continuously performed the Sema, as the dance is known. It was introduced to the country in the 14th century and first popularized by the Persian poet Rumi in Turkey.

“Through years of war, repression and threats from extremist groups like ISIS, the family has still been able to pass the ritual on to younger generations.

Now, they say they are hopeful about new opportunities under the new Syrian government.

“Moayyed al-Kharrat, one of the two brothers who oversee the dancers, said their great-uncle learned the Sufi dance and taught it to others in the family. …

“ ‘The spinning represents pilgrims moving around the Kaaba in Mecca,’ Kharrat said, referring to the ritual performed by Muslims. ‘It’s also reminiscent of the planets moving around the sun.’

‘During the ritual, one hand is extended upward, palm facing the sky, he went on to explain, which symbolizes receiving divine blessing. The other one is turned downward, palm facing the earth, to pass the blessings to the world.

“Mahmoud al-Kharrat learned the Sema when he was 4 years old. He said that keeping the tradition alive in Syria hasn’t been easy.

“Sufism is a mystical branch of Islam focused on spiritual closeness to God. It has long faced suspicion from extremists, who consider Sufis to be non-believers. ISIS fighters have attacked their shrines and killed and imprisoned the descendants of the saints and personalities they represent.

“The regime of ousted President Bashar al-Assad didn’t prohibit the Kharrat family from performing, the brothers said. But it did make it difficult for them to get the right permissions. The Assad regime used the arts to paint a more positive image of itself to the world, they explained. For example, when foreign dignitaries visited, they asked the family to perform for them.

“As the civil war ravaged Syria, countries stopped issuing visas for Syrians to travel. The family found it almost impossible to take its performances to international audiences as it had done before. One time, they managed to go to the US, but upon returning, Mahmoud was questioned by a border guard about why he hadn’t yet completed Syria’s mandatory military service, which all men had to complete at the time.

“Mahmoud estimated that he ended up paying around $7,000 in bribes so he wouldn’t get sent to the frontlines. …

“At the Damascene home-turned-hotel, the first part of the performance wrapped up, and the two brothers discussed with the younger members what they could improve on. …

“After some discussion, they got ready for the next part of the performance — their long, white skirts sweeping the ground as they moved around.

“ ‘The best way to keep this tradition alive,’ Moayad al-Kharrat explained, ‘is to pass it on to the younger generation [making] sure they learn the chants, and the full meaning of what this dance represents.’ …

“ ‘When I dance, I feel like I’m flying,’ Mahmoud added. ‘I feel like a child who has just been given a birthday present.’ ”

More at The World, here.

Photo: Lucinda Gibson and Ken Walker/Museum Victoria.
The endangered bogong moth can travel great distances to a place it has never been to before. It uses the stars to navigate.

Some of the least prepossessing critters in nature often have interesting attributes that could teach us a lot if we pay attention.

Ari Daniel reports at National Public Radio (NPR), “The Bogong moths of Australia aren’t much to look at, says Andrea Adden, a neurobiologist at the Francis Crick Institute. ‘They’re small brown moths with arrow-like markings on the wings. They’re pretty nondescript.’

“But these insects undertake an epic migration twice in their lifetime, traveling hundreds of miles in each direction.

“Researchers have shown that the Earth’s magnetic field helps the moths orient, but that alone wasn’t sufficient. ‘They needed something visual to go with it,’ says Adden.

“She wanted to know what that cue might be over such a vast landscape — especially at night when there’s little light.

“In a paper published in the journal Nature, Adden and her colleagues show that the cue comes from the heavens. That is, the starry sky allows the Bogong moths to both orient and navigate.

“Bogong moths follow an annual rhythm. They hatch in their breeding grounds in the spring in southeast Australia where it gets really hot in the summertime. ‘So if they were to reproduce immediately, their larvae would starve because there is not enough food,’ says Adden.

“Instead, the moths migrate over multiple nights more than 600 miles south to the Australian Alps where they settle in cooler caves, entering into a dormant phase called estivation (like hibernation but in the summer), by the millions. …

“In the fall, they return to their breeding grounds, mate, lay their eggs, and die.

” ‘Then the next year, the new moths hatch,’ says Adden. ‘And they’ve never been to the mountains. They have no parents who can tell them how to get there.’ And yet they make it.

“She suspected the stars might offer just the cue they need. To test her theory, Adden, who was doing her Ph.D. at Lund University in Sweden at the time, and her colleagues caught moths in the Australian Alps and ran them through one of two experiments in the dead of night.

“The first was a behavioral test. It involved placing a moth inside what was basically a mini-planetarium that contained a projection of the night sky and no magnetic field. … The result surprised the researchers.

” ‘They didn’t just circle and do twists and turns, but they actually chose a fairly stable direction,’ she said. ‘Not only that, it was their migratory direction.’ In other words, the moths were using the starry sky as a compass cue to orient and navigate.

“Adden’s next question involved what was happening in the moth’s brain. She recorded the electrical activity of individual neurons while rotating a projection of the Milky Way.

“When she looked in the brain regions that process visual information, the majority of neurons were active when the moth was facing south. This specific direction suggests that the moths’ brains encode direction by processing visual cues of the Milky Way. …

“The moths’ ability to use both visual and magnetic information to navigate can be essential for survival — in case it’s cloudy, say, or the magnetic field is unreliable. ‘If one fails, they have a backup system,’ says [biologist Pauline Fleischmann at the University of Oldenburg].

“The Bogong moths are endangered. Adden says her findings could help conserve these insects — and everything that relies on them for food.”

More at NPR, here.

Photo: Paulius Peciulis/AP.
This young bear was recorded by a hunter in the forest calmly feasting on baits in Pabradė, Lithuania, in June. 

When I was young, I was surprised when my conservationist mother told me that hunting organizations like Ducks Unlimited were often sollid partners in protecting nature. But when I thought about it, I reaized that, of course, if you’re a duck hunter, you want enough ducks to hunt, and that means protecting their habitat.

Something similar may be the thinking of the Lithuanian hunters in today’s story who refused to shoot a bear.

Bears have started reappearing in small numbers, typically wandering in from neighboring countries such as Latvia and Belarus, where small bear populations still exist.

From the Associated Press in Warsaw via the Guardian: “A young female bear caused a stir after wandering out of the forest and into the leafy suburbs of the Lithuanian capital.

“For two days, the brown bear ambled through the neighborhoods of Vilnius, trotted across highways and explored backyards – all while being chased by onlookers with smartphones and, eventually, drones.

“The government then issued a permit allowing the bear to be shot and killed if it became aggressive and posed a threat to human life.

“That did not go down well with Lithuania’s hunters who, aware that there were only a tiny number of the protected species in the entire country, refused.

“The Lithuanian association of hunters and fishermen said it was shocked by the government’s approach.

“The association’s administrator, Ramutė Juknytė, said the bear was a beautiful young female who was about two years old and did not deserve to be shot. ‘She was scared but not aggressive. She just didn’t know how to escape the city, but she didn’t do anything bad,’ he said.

“The organization tracks the movements of bears. It believes there are only five to 10 bears in the Baltic country but does not have a precise number.

“The drama began [when] the bear entered the capital. It was the first time in many years that a bear had entered the city and it became a national story. The animal came within about 2-3 miles of the city center.

“Since causing a stir with their permit to kill the bear, Lithuanian authorities have been on the defensive. The deputy environment minister, Ramūnas Krugelis, said that the kill permit had been issued purely as a precaution in case the bear posed a threat, according to a report by the Lithuanian broadcaster LRT.

“The hunters proposed a more humane approach: sedation, tracking and relocation.

“As the debate over the bear’s fate unfolded, she took matters into her own paws and wandered out of the city. …

“Brown bears are native to the region and were once common. They were wiped out in Lithuania in the 19th century as a result of hunting and habitat loss.

“In recent years, they have started reappearing in small numbers, typically wandering in from neighboring countries such as Latvia and Belarus, where small bear populations still exist.

“Bears are protected under Lithuanian and EU law as they are considered a rare and vulnerable species in the region.” More at the Guardian, here.

Do you or your family members hunt? Over time, I’ve seen repeatedly that real hunters are supporters of gun-safety laws as well as conservation. They are definitely not the people who buy machine guns and shoot up schools. I hope that more and more, hunters will be the ones leading the charge for safety laws. Their viewpoint probably carries the most weight.

Photo: Riley Robinson/Staff.
Organic farmers Kayleigh Boyle and Doug Wolcik stand in a hoop house at Breadseed Farm in Craftsbury, Vermont.

‘I have long believed this is a bipartisan issue,’ says John Klar, a Vermont farmer who in 2022 ran for a Vermont state Senate seat as a Republican.

One reason I like the Christian Science Monitor is that it’s so good at searching out stories of divided Americans coming together. Today’s example features a diverse group of Vermont farmers promoting sustainable practices and eat-local values.

Stephanie Haines writes, “Kayleigh Boyle and Doug Wolcik knew all the reasons not to farm in Vermont: the short growing season, the hilly terrain, the dirt roads that make it hard to get products to market.

“Even the size of most farms here is a problem. For decades, farms across the United States have gotten larger as agricultural policies pushed growers to consolidate and scale up their operations. Vermont’s farms, however, have stayed relatively small. According to conventional wisdom, that means unprofitable.

“But small was what the couple wanted. Ms. Boyle is from Vermont, and while studying at Emerson College in Boston, she worked an office job connected to the local food movement. But she quickly realized she wanted to be outside with her hands in the earth.

“Mr. Wolcik graduated from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where he studied sustainable agriculture and community food systems. He, too, realized he wanted a life close to the soil.

“They met while working at a nonprofit farm outside Boston and soon discovered they shared a dream about buying their own acreage to grow food and flowers. They weren’t interested in a massive operation. Instead, their vision included no-till growing methods, hand tools, and a desire to build a ‘human scale’ production system.

“They also wanted to make their living entirely from their farm – something increasingly difficult to do in New England. Over the past 60 years, the region has lost 80% of its farmland. …

“They spent years saving money and scouring Zillow listings and USDA soil surveys online. They eventually found a 16-acre property at the edge of Vermont’s rural Northeast Kingdom, complete with a house and a flat, 2-acre plot that got a lot of sun. In September 2020, they decided to take the plunge.

“And they’ve thrived. ‘We’ve just far exceeded any expectations that we set for ourselves,’ says Mr. Wolcik. ‘We’re selling everything we can. We can’t even grow enough. There’s such demand for it, from restaurants to retail to wholesale to markets,’ he says. ‘We can’t produce enough product fast enough.’

“Some of this is because of the couple themselves: Ms. Boyle’s sense of marketing, Mr. Wolcik’s attention to detail and innovation, and the experience and high standards they share as growers.

“But it is also because, when they bought these rare flat acres, they joined a community actively building a new storyline around farming, food, and resilience in New England.

“Here, in this part of little Vermont, statewide population 648,000, a coalition of farmers, nonprofits, and residents is eschewing mainstream beliefs about what makes agriculture successful and what it means to create a prosperous economy.

“Instead, they are building a system in which farmers are able to make a living and residents can eat healthy food grown nearby. They are intentionally moving away from a global supply chain vulnerable to market shocks – everything from pandemics to tariffs to natural disasters. …

“Across the country, communities on all sides of the political spectrum are reimagining the way Americans produce and value what they eat, tapping into a simmering belief that something is amiss with how detached, both economically and nutritionally, we have become from this fundamental human sector. …

“Subsistence farming gave way to commercial dairying and gardening for market. Refrigeration, and the resulting large-scale grocery stores, meant individuals didn’t need to spend their time growing food. Urbanization and competition from out-of-region farms followed.

“Still, what we think of as the modern food system is largely a phenomenon of recent decades. This includes a global supply chain, factory farming, and ultraprocessed foods, which now make up more than 50% of the calories in the American diet, according to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. What people tend to think of as the ‘local food movement’ is also relatively new. 

“[Although fascination] with locally grown organic foods became popularly associated with progressives – and was regularly criticized as elitist – there was also an emerging libertarian and conservative desire for a different, more localized sort of food system.

“ ‘I have long believed this is a bipartisan issue,’ says John Klar, a Vermont farmer who in 2022 ran for a Vermont state Senate seat as a Republican, a bid that fell short. ‘If there’s one thing that should bring Americans together, it is local, healthy food.’

“To him, the small farm is inherently conservative – a rejection of what he sees as dangerous globalism. It is a return to self-sufficiency, and far more environmentally and climate friendly, he says, than the traditionally liberal causes of electric vehicles and solar farms. …

“ ‘Both sides have been lulled by modernization of agriculture and the technological sirens,’ says Mr. Klar. ‘But both sides are coming back and coming together. These things don’t lend themselves to the red-blue dichotomy.’ ”

More at the Monitor, here. No paywall. Lots of cool pictures.

Photo: Pat Greenhouse/Globe Staff.
Dutch artist Hendrick Avercamp’s winter scene, stolen in 1978, arrived in May at the Worcester Art Museum in Massachusetts. 

As an inveterate reader of mystery novels, I do love a yarn about art thieves, especially if there’s a clever sleuth who figures out what happened. It’s best if the perps end up in jail, but you can’t have it all. These things take time.

At the Boston Globe, Malcolm Gay has a good story about Clifford Schorer, a former president of the Worcester Art Museum’s board as well as “an international art dealer and sleuth who spends his days (and many nights) hunting ‘sleepers’ — lost masterpieces whose true identities have been obscured through the ages.

“Schorer had flown from Brussels [on a day last May] with the painting he now carried in his hands, a winter scene by the acclaimed Dutch Golden Age artist Hendrick Avercamp.

“The artwork was stolen nearly half a century earlier in a sensational 1978 heist from the baronial estate of Helen and Robert Stoddard, a Worcester industrialist. The Avercamp picture, along with numerous other paintings and other valuables taken from the home that night, had not been seen since. Local officials were stumped. So was the FBI. …

“[Schorer] and a conservator carefully unwrapped the package, revealing the aged but unscathed picture of Dutch figures skating in winter.

“ ‘It was nirvana,’ Warner Fletcher, a nephew of the Stoddards, said of the moment. …

“The Avercamp originally disappeared the night of June 22, 1978, when thieves broke into the 36-acre Stoddard estate, hacking open sofa cushions to cart away valuable works by Camille Pissarro, J.M.W. Turner, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, among others. …

“That night, with Helen undergoing cancer treatment at a Boston hospital, Robert turned in just before midnight. [He] was sound asleep when thieves broke in through the sun porch.

“The burglars ransacked the home, rifling through drawers and closets. They drank the couple’s liquor and ate food from the fridge, according to later news reports. They made their way through each room, snatching paintings from the walls and pocketing collectibles including miniature carvings, silver tea sets, watches, and valuable music boxes.

“When Stoddard awoke the next morning, he realized the house had been robbed when he found his glasses on the floor. …

” ‘We never had a suspect,’ Ralph E. Doyle, a retired detective sergeant with the Worcester Police Department, told the Telegram & Gazette in 2000.

That‘s not to say there haven‘t been breakthroughs.

“The most valuable work in the Stoddard’s collection, Pissarro’s 1902 oil on canvas, ‘Bassins Duquesne et Berrigny à Dieppe, temps gris,’ surfaced at a Cleveland auction house in 1998. …

“The discovery of the Pissarro prompted authorities to look closely at a Springfield-area art dealer named Robert Cornell and his ex-wife, Jennifer Abella-Cornell, who had brought the painting to Ohio. But the estranged couple gave wildly conflicting accounts. [An FBI] spokesperson later told the Telegram & Gazette that reconciling their stories was ‘like beating a dead horse.’ …

“The trail of the Avercamp and other missing works then went cold. Frustrated by the lack of progress and still hoping they might be retrieved, Fletcher, the Stoddards’ nephew, finally turned to Schorer in 2021. He put information about the missing artworks in a manila envelope and sent it to the sleuth.

“Fletcher was by then familiar with Schorer. … He’s renowned in the trade, and he’d recently discovered a previously unknown drawing by Northern Renaissance master Albrecht Dürer that was purchased at a Concord estate sale for $30.

“Schorer was only vaguely aware of the Stoddard theft at the time, but as he looked through the envelope’s contents, he began to concentrate on the works he found most interesting: the Avercamp, the Turner, and an oil painting by 19th-century Dutch painter Johan Jongkind. …

“His search came up empty. But from his years of experience tracking down stolen art, Schorer knew that disreputable dealers will sometimes misrepresent works to evade detection.

“ ‘Finally, I said, “All right, if I had that painting, who would I fence it as?” ‘ Schorer recalled thinking.

“He knew that Avercamp, a mute painter who specialized in outdoor winter scenes, had a nephew, Barent Avercamp, who mimicked the style of his more gifted relative. Schorer turned again to his computer, this time searching for winter scenes by the famed painter’s nephew.

Bingo: Fifteen minutes later, he came across a throw pillow that was selling for $18.40 with a portion of the missing Avercamp scene — including a distinctive arch — printed on its case. …

“Schorer had made a breakthrough. The only known images of the Avercamp were grainy black and white photos from the ’70s. But this image was in color. It could mean only one thing: The photo was taken after the theft.

“ ‘I clicked on that, and it took me to a page trying to sell me a pillow,’ Schorer recalled. There, just above the asking price, he also found the logo of the image licensing company that held the source file.

“Schorer navigated to the site and paid $39 to download the photo. As he parsed its metadata, he discovered the copyright on the image: L.S.F.A.L., an acronym for Lawrence Steigrad Fine Arts Ltd., a dealer he’d known for years.

“Steigrad told Schorer he’d taken a photo of the painting for Newhouse Galleries, which had offered the artwork at a fine arts fair in the Netherlands in the mid-90s.

“Working another angle, Schorer discovered the name of the person who’d originally sold the work to Newhouse: Sheldon Fish. Fish told Schorer he’d purchased the painting at the Brimfield Antique Flea Market, a short drive from Worcester.”

Brimfield, Holy Cow! It’s a really famous flea market in our area, where Suzanne found most of the antique lockets she sold. I followed her around as she shopped one rainy weekend before Covid.

I love reading this stuff. The rest of the story is at the Globe, here.

Photo: Sean Waugh.
NOAA’s National Severe Storm Lab has been looking into the hail problem.

Here’s my periodic reminder that cutting out funding for scientific research can affect your life. The important work of the National Severe Storm Lab of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Oklahoma is just one example of what may be lost.

Nick Gilmore at public radio WVTF in Virginia reported recently on NOAA’s research into hail.

“Just picture this – it’s a warm afternoon and a thunderstorm starts to roll overhead. You head indoors and hear rain begin to fall. As the cracks of thunder get louder, you peek out the window to see large chunks of ice on the ground. … Rain makes sense to fall from a storm – but large pieces of ice?

“ ‘Hail is one of those things that we don’t really know how it forms,’ says Sean Waugh, a research scientist at NOAA’s Severe Storms Laboratory.

“We do know some of the basics. Strong thunderstorms have strong updrafts – think like a vacuum cleaner that’s able to lift moisture high up into the atmosphere. It’s cold up there, so that water freezes into a small stone. It collects more water, refreezes as it cycles through the storm – more water, refreezes. … Eventually, the hailstone gets too heavy and tumbles to the earth below. Waugh says wind speed, direction and moisture in the air also play a part in hailstorm development.

We also know hail can be expensive.

“ ‘In any given year, it’s 60-80% of the damage that comes from severe thunderstorms,’ says Ian Giammanco – a meteorologist at the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety. He says we’re just getting more hailstorms these days.

“ ‘Rewind the clock all the way back to 2008 – every year since then, we’ve had over $10 billion in damage from hail. This has crept up now to a $20-30 billion problem.’

“Giammanco says that’s why research like what Sean Waugh is doing is so important – finding out what hail looks like before it hits the ground. …

“Waugh says, ‘We don’t know what broke when it landed, how much of that mass, or size or shape have we lost between when it fell and when we find it, right? I’ve seen six-inch diameter stones melt before I can get out of the car to pick them up.’ …

“There are other questions, too: how fast does hail fall? Does it fall in a specific orientation? Does the stone melt while it’s falling to the earth below?

” ‘These are all really, really important questions if you’re trying to ascertain what hail looks like to a radar. And that’s a really critical piece of knowledge if you’re trying to warn for hail in real time, which is obviously the goal! Most people want to know if there’s going to be golf balls falling at their house or softballs.’ …

“Waugh and his team have built a complex rig that observes hail in free fall and in real time. They head out from Oklahoma – typically to the Southern Plains – to get the system in front of a storm producing large hail.

“The rig has high speed and high-quality cameras, and Waugh says there’s another key component.

” ‘But we need a lot of light to do that. Otherwise, the image would just be dark,’ he explains. ‘So, the LED array I have on the back of the truck produces about 30% more light than the sun!’ …

“ ‘We can use that knowledge to improve our forecasts of what storms are likely going to produce hail days in advance. By understanding the type of hail that different storms produce, that increases our ability to model it properly and then forecast that in the future,’ Waugh says. ‘And that way people can take appropriate action to protect life and property.’ ”

More at public radio WVTF, here. Cool video of hail in flight.

I don’t get the funding cuts. The jobs that will be lost at the weather center are in Oklahoma, so it’s not just coastal communities that will be hurt. And anyway, don’t hurricanes damage golf courses in Florida sometimes? Weather is something no human can be the boss of, so it’s just common sense to try to understand it.

Please share your hail stories.

From the University of Oklahoma news site, OU Daily.

Photo: Thais Coy/American Flamenco Repertory Company.
Yjastros, the American Flamenco Repertory Company, performing in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Nowadays people don’t seem to talk much about catharsis in theater: the idea that in suffering along with the actors, the audience can feel a kind of cleansing or relief.

That is what you also get experiencing the controlled rage and sorrow of music like Edith Piaf’s, Portuguese fado, or Spanish flamenco.

Today, as I’m reading about flamenco flourishing in part of the US, I’m thinking what a gift it is to be able to convert rage and sorrow into something like peace.

John Burnett reports at National Public Radio (NPR) that the state of New Mexico is “a global center of flamenco the passionate dance, song and music of the Roma people of southern Spain.

“The epicenter is Albuquerque. New Mexico’s largest city boasts a world-famous flamenco festival. … The University of New Mexico is the only American university that offers graduate and undergraduate Dance degrees with an emphasis in flamenco. The National Institute of Flamenco is home to a world-class repertory company, and a conservatory that teaches students as young as three, to young adults who want to be professional dancers.

“The popularity of flamenco has exploded in the last four decades. You can find its distinctive percussive footwork from Tokyo to Israel to Toronto. … But what’s different about flamenco in Nuevo Mexico is that it’s homegrown. New Mexico traces its deeply Hispanic identity to the arrival of Spanish settlers 400-plus years ago.

” ‘Here in New Mexico it’s got to sound like us,’ says Vicente Griego, a celebrated singer from northern New Mexico who specializes in cante jondo, the deep song of flamenco. ‘There’s other people who want to do flamenco exactly the way it’s been done in Spain. But what makes us really special here and what keeps us honest, is that we have our own history. We’ve had our own resistance, our own celebration, our own liberation.’

“Says Marisol Encinias, executive director of the National Institute of Flamenco: ‘I like to think that there’s something in our DNA that ties us to the antecedents of flamenco from way back.’ …

“Eva Encinias, Marisol’s mother, learned dance from her mother, Clarita, and is considered the grande dame of flamenco in Albuquerque.

” ‘Even though we present all of this very, very high-end flamenco, the rationale behind that is to inspire and cultivate young people,’ says Eva, sitting in the costume room of the National Institute of Flamenco that she founded 43 years ago. She’s surrounded by racks of extravagantly ruffled dresses. ‘We all started as children and we know the impact that flamenco had on us as young people.’

“Outreach is a huge part of their mission. Between Eva and her children, Marisol and Joaquin, they’ve taught thousands of flamenco students at the Institute and at UNM. …

” ‘We’re gonna clap along to the music, in 4/4 time, which means that we count 1-2-3-4,’ intones Sarah Ward, a Canadian who became enthralled with flamenco and now teaches. She’s leading a class of fourth-graders at the Taos Integrated School of the Arts. Fifteen kids happily stomp their sneakers to the count. …

“One of her bright-eyed students is 10-year-old Cypress Musialowski. ‘I feel an opportunity to let out anger,’ she says. ‘I really like stomping my feet. But I also feel like I can just flow and be me.’ …

Flamenco has been called performed aggression—the pounding wooden heels, the feral singing, the baroque guitarwork.

“The Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca defined duende, the spirit of flamenco, as ‘tragedy-inspired ecstasy.’ …

“And it’s really hard to learn, says Marisol Encinias, who is also an assistant professor of flamenco dance at UNM. ‘It’s a really, really challenging artform,’ she says. ‘I had a guitarist friend who said you spend your whole life trying to be mediocre.’

“Evelyn Mendoza, the 27-year-old education manager at the Institute, says, ‘I mean, you sweat your heart, soul, tears, blood and everything into any dance form that you do. … But flamenco is so different because it’s fierce.’ “

Read more at NPR, here. (Consider supporting this great public resource, here.)